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MICRO LECTURE > Chapter 1 -- Arielle > Flashcards

Chapter 1 -- Arielle Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology

A

study of tiny life forms that are only visible individually with the use of magnification

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2
Q

Pathogen

A

any microorganism capable of disease causing

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3
Q

Pathogenic

A

capable of causing disease

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4
Q

Potential Pathogen

A

pathogen capable of causing disease if it enter a part of the body not prepared for it.. i.e.. ecoli in gut ok, but ecoli in bladder causes a UTI

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5
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

only will cause a problem if given the situation to… ie… staph on skin is ok but can cause infection if enters through a cut

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6
Q

Colony

A

macroscopic growth that arised from 1 bacteria

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7
Q

Causitive agent

A

the organism that causes the disease

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8
Q

Viruses

A

are “particles”, believed to be non-living; non-cellular – obligate intracellular parasites – examples are flu, chicken pox, rabies – no nucleus

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

no nucleus, DNA, ribosomes

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus, ribosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria – plants have cell walls, animals don’t

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11
Q

Cellular Microbes

A

Bacteria, Helminths, Algae, Fungi, Protozoa – all which have a nucleus

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12
Q

Bacteria

A

no nucleus, cellular – gets nutrients by absorption

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13
Q

Sporangia

A

spores on mushrooms

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14
Q

Flat Worms

A

Kingdom animalae – tape worms & flukes – usually get by eating the eggs

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15
Q

Rabies

A

“bullet” shaped

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16
Q

Influenza

A

RNA in center with projections around making the strain, ie… H1N1

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17
Q

Microbial Genetics

A

study of DNA, RNA and proteins in microbes

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18
Q

Mycology

A

study of Fungi

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19
Q

Phycology

A

study of algae

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20
Q

Immunology

A

study of immune response

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21
Q

Epidemiology

A

study of spread of disease

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22
Q

Etiology

A

study of cause of disease

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23
Q

Chemotherapy

A

treatment of disease with chemicals

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24
Q

Infection control

A

principles of controlling disease

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25
Q

Industrial microbiology

A

how to apply knowledge of microbes to manufacture of fermented foods and other products of microbes i.e… pickles, wine, vinegar

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26
Q

Pharmaceutical microbiology

A

how to manufacture ATB, vaccines and other health products

27
Q

Environmental microbiology

A

how to maintain safe drinking water, dispose of wastes, and control environmental pollution

28
Q

Genetic engineering

A

how to use microbes to synthesize products helpful to humans, i.e…. insulin

29
Q

Ubiquitous

A

“everywhere” – 50% of microbes live beneath and within the earths crusts

30
Q

Postive Effects of Microbes

A

photosynthesis (plants), decomposers(fungi), food chain, medications, food products, bioremediation

31
Q

Bioremediation

A

cleaning up the environmental pollution by using microbes

32
Q

Negative Effects of Microbes

A

cause infection, cause disease and opportunistic (Tb) and potential pathogens

33
Q

Infectious disease

A

something you can get from a causative agent

34
Q

Robert Hooke

A

coining the name “cell”

35
Q

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

A

father of microbiology – invented 1st microscope

36
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

is an early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in non living or decomposing matter

37
Q

Abiogenesis

A

arising from non life

38
Q

Redi’s Experiment

A

did fly experiment to disprove spontaneous generation

39
Q

Edward Jenner

A

small pox vaccine

40
Q

Ignaz Simmelweis

A

reducing incidents of childbirth fever by 50% – instituted washing hands in chlorinated lime

41
Q

Joseph Lister

A

aseptic technique IN SURGERY - used carbolic acid as disinfectant and heat

42
Q

The Germ Theory of Disease

A

many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body – 2 major contributors: Pasteur and Koch

43
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

states microbes are everywherem aseptic technique in LAB, microbes wont go around curves, developed pasteurization, disproved spontaneous generation

44
Q

Theory of Biogenesis

A

Louis Pasteur eventually disproved spontaneous generation and this theory – the idea that living things can only arise from other living things

45
Q

Robert Koch

A

identified cause of anthrax, Tb and cholera – developed pure culture methods, established Koch’s postulates which is a sequencing of experimental steps that verified the germ theory

46
Q

Hesse

A

developed agar

47
Q

Han Christian Gram

A

gram stain procedure – which classifies bacteria based on cell wall composition

48
Q

Elie Metchnikoff

A

phagocytosis

49
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

father of chemotherapy – developed an arsenic derived medication (salvirisan) used to treat syphillis

50
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

discovered antimicrobial ability of a substance produced by the mold penicillium

51
Q

Chain & Florey

A

worked for a drug company and developed PCN

52
Q

Lancefield

A

streptococcal classification, based on antigen on cell — Type A - strep, Type B - kills newborns during birth, in a womans vagina

53
Q

Prusiner

A

prions, which can cause mad cow disease – pieces of protein without nucleic acid – can develop holes into the brain and these people can die of dementia – incubation period 10-20 years

54
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science dealing with organizing, classifying and naming organisms

55
Q

Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne)

A

father of nomenclature

56
Q

Classification

A

the assignment of organisms to groups within a system of categories distinguished by shared common characteristics such as structure, origin, etc

57
Q

Level of Classification

A

Domain (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya), Kingdom, Phylum (or Division), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

58
Q

Scientific Name

A

AKA Scientific nomenclature, binomial nomenclature – purpose: uniform system of identification, cure for “common name syndrome”

Linnaeus: father of taxonomy

59
Q

Aristotle Classification

A

2 Kingdom System: Plants and Animals; criteria: observation

60
Q

Whittaker Classification

A

5 Kingdom System: planate, fungi, animalia, protista, monera – criteria: type nutrition, cell type and observation

61
Q

Woese Classification

A

3 Domain System – criteria rRNA sequencing – domain bacteria, domain archaea and domain eukarya

62
Q

Strain

A

subspecies – members of the same genus and species that have mutated to be significantly different than other members of the species

63
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

identification aid that contains a series of paired statements that can be used to help identify an organism

MICRO LECTURE (17 decks)

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