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MICRO LECTURE > Chapter 7 -- Microbial Nutrition, Ecology and Growth > Flashcards

Chapter 7 -- Microbial Nutrition, Ecology and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A

process by which chemical substances are acquired from the environment and used in cellular activities

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2
Q

Troph

A

food

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3
Q

Auto

A

Self

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4
Q

Hetero

A

other

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5
Q

Photo

A

light

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6
Q

Chemo

A

chemicals

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7
Q

Saprobe

A

metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms (chemoheterotroph)

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8
Q

Parasite

A

utilizing the tissues, fluids of a live host (chemoheterotroph)

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9
Q

Growth

A

general definition: increase in size – prokaryotic definition: increase in number of cells

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10
Q

Colony

A

group of cells, together arising from 1 single bacteria (or colony forming unit)

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11
Q

Culture

A

something you grow in lab; usually contains bacteria – can also be a verb

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12
Q

Pure Culture

A

contains one Genus and species

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13
Q

eurythermal

A

wide range – in regards to temperature

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14
Q

stenothermal

A

narrow range – in regards to temperature

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15
Q

psychrophile

A

lover of cold temperatures

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16
Q

mesophile

A

most human pathogens belong to this temperature response group (optimal temp 37-degrees celcius)

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17
Q

thermophile

A

lover of heat

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18
Q

Temperature response

A

its the temperature the specimen is happiest to reproduce; not to exist

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19
Q

between pH 6 and pH 8

A

pH preferred: Majority of organism

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20
Q

pH 5.5 to 6 (slightly acidic)

A

pH preferred: most fungi

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21
Q

pH 6.5 to 7.5 (near neutral)

A

pH preferred: most bacteria and neutrophiles

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22
Q

Buffers

A

body naturally makes these to counteract an impact of something

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23
Q

acidophiles

A

lovers of acid – pH less than 4

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24
Q

alkalinophiles

A

lovers of pH up to 10

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25
Phenol Red Dextrose Medium with Durham Tube
pH indication by color -- red=neutral; yellow=acidic ---durham tube used to look for gas
26
Solute
solid
27
solvent
liquid
28
solution
contains both solid and liquid
29
Simple diffusion
no energy required -- refers to a process whereby a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an intermediary such as a integral membrane protein
30
Osmosis
diffusion involving water -- is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides
31
Osmotic pressure
the force with which the water flows from area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water
32
Tonicity
solute concentration -- comparison of solute on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane
33
isotonic
solute is equal on both sides = no net movement
34
hypotonic
(bursting cell) -- solute is lower than other side
35
hypertonic
(shrinkage) -- solute is higher than other side
36
plasmolysis
is the process in plant cells where the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis (shrinkage)
37
aerobe
general term for organisms that use molecular oxygen -- organisms that use oxygen produce more energy from the same nutrients than organism that do not use oxygen
38
anaerobe
general term for organisms able to grow in the absence of oxygen
39
obligate aerobe
requires oxygen -- i.e. Pseudomonas
40
obligate anaerobe
does not tolerate oxygen -- i.e. Clostridium spp.
41
Facultative anaerobe
grows better in presence of oxygen -- advantage: will use O2 if available, but can switch to fermentation if no O2 available -- doesnt make as much ATP but efficient -- i.e. E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus
42
aerotolerant anaerobe
cannot use O2, grows equally well with or without O2 present; ignores O2 -- i.e. Lactobacillus
43
microaerophile
damaged by normal atmospheric oxygen level by 20% -- i.e. Campylobacter jejuni
44
capnophiles
organisms that grow best at higher concentrations of CO2 (3-10%) than normally present in the atmosphere (0.033%) -- i.e. Neisseria gonorrhea, N. meningitis, Brucella, S. pneumoniae
45
generation time
time required for one cell to become two -- time required for population to double -- E. coli take 20 minutes under optimal conditions to duplicate
46
binary fission
produces two separate cells, populations, species, etc.
47
lag phase
phase where bacterial has been introduced to medium -- little to no cell division occurs
48
exponential phase (log phase)
phase where cell division is rapid -- (where bacteria is most susceptible to disruption, i.e. ATBs)
49
stationary phase
phase where cells begin to die -- time of equilibrium
50
the pour plate method
bacteria grows in or on medium --- only problem is if medium is poured to hot it could kill bacteria
51
spread plate method
bacteria grows on top of medium
52
Standard Plate Count Using Serial Dilutions
need about 300 colonies to be considered accurate -- usually measure sections and multiply total area
53
spectrophotometer
measures absorbance or optical density -- wont give actual numbers, it measures in % of transference
54
turbidity
cloudy
55
metabolic activity
assumes the amount of metabolic products such as CO2 or acid or alcohol is in direct proportion to the number of bacteria present -- i.e. product amount = # bacteria
56
dry weight
best method for filamentous bacteria or molds -- dehydrate to powder form and weigh powder
57
symbiotic
living together -- organisms live in close nutritional relationships; required by one of both members -- mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
58
non-symbiotic
organisms are free living; relationships not required for survival -- synergism, antagonism
59
mutualism
happy marriage -- obligatory, dependent; both members benefit
60
commensalism
one spouse cheating -- the commensal benefits; other member not harmed
61
parasitism
parasite is dependent and benefits; host harmed
62
synergism
members cooperate and share nutrients
63
antagonism
some members are inhibited or destroyed by others
64
endoparasites
parasites in body -- ie tapeworm
65
ectoparasites
parasites outside the body -- i.e. mosquito, lice, fleas
66
facultative parasites
parasites that dont have to be in host but will be if available
67
photoautotroph
an organism that uses light as an energy source AND carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as a carbon source
68
BROTH
type of media that would be used in the lab in order to evaluate a bacterium's oxygen requirements

MICRO LECTURE (17 decks)

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