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3RD YEAR - Infectious Diseases > Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the position in which females receive a vaginal exam?

A

Lithotomy position, to do a speculum exam

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2
Q

What are the common symptoms and signs of urethritis?

A

Urethral discharge and dysuria

Sometimes meatitis

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3
Q

What are the main causes of urethritis?

A 
Neisseria gonorrhoea (Gonorrhea)
Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia)
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4
Q

What type of bacteria are N.gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative diplococci

NB - this is the only causative organism of urethritis that shows up on a gram stain

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5
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated?

A

Ceftriazone 500mg IM with azithromycin 1g single dose

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6
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Azithromycin 1g orally single dose
OR
Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for a week

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7
Q

What are some possible GONOCOCCAL complications of urethritis?

A
  • Bartholinitis
  • Epididymo-orchitis/prostatitis
  • PID
  • Disseminated gonococcal infection
  • Sexually acquired reactive arthritis
  • Transmission to neonate
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8
Q

What are some possible CHLAMYDIAL complications of urethritis?

A
  • PID and tubal damage
  • Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome
  • Transmission to neonate (conjuncitivits, pneumonitis)
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9
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

A more advanced form of chlamydia, affecting the lymphatics and lymph nodes

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10
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis? (nb. this is not an STI),

Treatment?

A

Overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, especially GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS ,causing a decrease in LACTOBACILLI

Treat with Metronidazole

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of BV?

A

Hay/Ison criteria - 3/4 of:

  • Bad smelling, thin, homogenous grey vaginal discharge
  • pH > 4.5
  • Positive amine test
  • Clue cells
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12
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

AKA thrush - this is a fungal infection, characterised by vulvo-vaginitis with fissuring and thick white ‘cottage cheese’ non-smelly vaginal discharge

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13
Q

What are some precipitating factors for candidiasis?

A

Pregnancy, diabetes, antibiotic use, anaemia, immunosuppression, endocrine disorders, irritants, poor hygiene

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14
Q

How is candidiasis treated?

A

Clotrimazole pessary or single dose fluconazole

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15
Q

What is trichomoniasis?

A

Parasite-caused STI, involving vulvo-vaginitis with an offensive yellow vaginal discharge
NB - it is asymptomatic in men

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16
Q

How is trichomoniasis treated?

A

Metronidazole

17
Q

Which STIs can cause ulcers?

A

Herpes simplex
Syphilis
Tropical STIs eg. chancroid
Scabies

18
Q

What are the symptoms of HSV?

A

Multiple vesicles with clear fluid that burst to give superficial erosions, which are very painful

19
Q

How is HSV treated?

A

5 day course of acyclovir and analgesia, however it is a virus so cannot be cured

20
Q

What characteristic rash does syphilis cause?

A

Painless sores, particularly on the palms of hands and soles of feet

21
Q

Which STIs can cause lumps?

A

Molloscum contagiosum
Genital warts
Secondary syphilis
Scabies

22
Q

Which virus causes genital warts?

A

Human papilloma virus (6&11)

23
Q

Which virus causes cervical cancer?

A

Human papilloma virus (16&18)

24
Q

How are warts treated?

A 
Cryotherapy
Podophyllotoxin cream
Surgical Removal
Trichloroacetic acid
Immune modulation - imiquimod
25
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Spirochete bacteria called TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

26
Q

What are the stages of syphilis?

A

Early (infectious) < 2 years

  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Early latent

Late (non-infectious) < 2 years

  • Late latent
  • Cardiovascular
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Gummatous
27
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

1st line: Procaine or Benzathine Penicillin

2nd line: Doxycycline

28
Q

What is PCR?

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It is used in diagnosis in many of these STIs

29
Q

What is a motile organism on wet mount diagnostic of?

A

TV - trichomonas vaginalis

30
Q

What are the symptoms of TV?

A

Green frothy discharge, strawberry cervix

3RD YEAR - Infectious Diseases (16 decks)

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