HIV Flashcards

1
Q

If there is no treatment, how long is the period from diagnosis to death?

A

15 years, but it’ll be 8 years until the patient shows signs of rare infections and cancers

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2
Q

What fraction of people with HIV are unaware that they have it?

A

1 in 4

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3
Q

In which situations is routine testing of HIV necessary?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • GUM clinic
  • If HIV prevalance exceeds 2/1000 local population
  • Healthcare services for those with TB, HBV, HCV and lymphoma
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4
Q

How is HIV treated in pregnancy?

A

Antiretrovirals to both mother and baby

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5
Q

What are the consequences of HIV?

A
  • Opportunistic infections
  • Malignancy (Karposis sarcoma, rectal cancer)
  • Direct effect of HIV itself (kidney, CNS damage)
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6
Q

What is the natural history of untreated HIV infection (5 stages)?

A
  1. Primary infection (high VL, fall in CD4 count)
  2. Early stage (CD4>500) usually asymptomatic
  3. Middle stage (CD4 200-500)
  4. Advanced stage (CD4 50-200) AIDS, develops aids defining illnesses
  5. Late stage (CD4<50)
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7
Q

Name some AIDS defining illnesses?

A

PCP, Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphomas, mycobacterium avium complex, TB, cervical cancer, CMV, oral candidiasis, leukoplakia (EBV)

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8
Q

What is HAART?

A

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (for life) uses at least 3 drugs from at least 2 groups:

  • Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Integrase inhibitors
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9
Q

If you have HIV, how often if your viral load and CD4 count monitored?

A

6 monthly

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10
Q

Which sexual activity gives the highest risk of HIV transmission?

A

Receptive anal

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11
Q

In what window can post-exposure prophylaxis be given for HIV?

A

72 hours post exposure

- patient should be aware that it could induce vomiting diarrhoea and rash

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12
Q

What type of virus is HIV

A

ssRNA, retrovirus

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13
Q

What is p24, gp120 and gp41?

A

p24 - viral protein composing capsid

gp120/41 - Docking and transmembrane glycoproteins

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14
Q

What is a seroconversion illness?

A

An illness occurring 2-4 weeks post exposure and lasting 1-2 weeks, causing RASH (maculopapular), FEVER and SORE THROAT

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15
Q

What is pneumocystis cairn pneumonia?

A

A yeastlike fungal micro-organism which commonly causes death in HIV

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16
Q

Name some dermatological manifestations of HIV

A
Recurrent HSV
Molloscum contagiosum
Oral leukoplakia (can't be scraped away)
Recurrent shingles
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Crusted scabies
HPV (warts)
17
Q

How does the HIV test work?

A

Looks for HIV antibody and HIV itself (p24)
Results are accurate at 3 months (not necessarily before)

Dont forget to write that consent was taken in the notes

18
Q

How many pills does someone with HIV take for treatment each day?

A

1

19
Q

What is the global prevalence of HIV?

A

0.8%

20
Q

Which areas in the world have the highest prevelance of HIV?

A

Sub-saharan africa, then south america

21
Q

What are the features of PCP?

A

Insidious onset pneumonia with exertional dyspnoea and bilateral CXR signs, on a background of HIV

22
Q

How are PCP and toxoplasmosis treated?

A

Co-trimoxazole

23
Q

What are the features of toxoplasmosis?

A

Neurological symptoms, ring-enhancing lesions

24
Q

What are the features of CMV retinitis?

A

Visual impairment, ‘tomato and cheese pizza’ retina