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ECOL Final > Sexual Selection pt. 1 > Flashcards

Sexual Selection pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different mating systems?

A

Polygyny
Monogamy
Promiscuity
Polyandry

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2
Q

Polygyny

A

males mate with more than one female; females mate with only one male

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3
Q

What do males do in polygyny systems?

A

-males contribute only sperm, females often provide majority of parental care
-males either defend territories which attract females looking for resources, or they defend groups of females directly

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4
Q

What mating system is this an example of?

Males guanacos that can defend rare wetlands can attract a heard of females that need the resource and will mate with territorial male.

A

Polygyny

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5
Q

Monogamy

A

males only mate with one female, females only mate with one male

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6
Q

What mating system is this an example of?

Male and female black swans pair for life. They raise and care for many broods of offspring together, forage together, and migrate together.

A

Monogamy

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7
Q

What are characteristics of monogamy?

A

-lifetime monogamy or just within a single breeding season
-high parental investment from males and females
-social monogamy

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8
Q

What is social monogamy?

A

both sexes mate with multiple partners, but males help raise the offspring of their social parter (which may or may not be their own)

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9
Q

Where do monogamous mating systems typically exist?

A

in environments where parental care from both parents is needed to successfully raise young

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10
Q

Promiscuity

A

males and females both mate with many individuals

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11
Q

Where is promiscuity common?

A

very common in aquatic species (and all outcrossing plants)

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12
Q

What mating system is this an example of?

For several days each mont, thousands of two-spot red snappers gather to spawn in the western Pacific Ocean and all breed.

A

Promiscuity

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13
Q

In promiscuity, what do males and females contribute?

A

males contribute only sperm

females may or may not provide any post-fertilization parental care

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14
Q

Polyandry

A

females mate with more than one male; males mate with only one female

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15
Q

What mating system is this an example of?

Male Jacana carrying chicks under his wings. Aka male is providing post-fertilization care.

A

Polyandry

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16
Q

Characteristics of polyandry:

A

-large, flashy, aggressive females fight for territories

17
Q

Is polyandry common or uncommon?

A

relatively uncommon mating system

18
Q

What is parental care like in polyandry

A

-if post-fertilization care is present, males provide the vast majority (or all) of it
-females still produce large eggs and invest more pre-fertilization energy

19
Q

In which mating system would we expect the greatest variation in male reproductive success?

a. monogamy
b. polygyny
c. polyandry
d. promiscuity

A

b. polygyny

20
Q

In natural selection, allele frequency changes over time due to differences in:

A

survival and reproductive success

21
Q

In sexual selection, allele frequency changes over time due to differences in:

A

reproductive success

22
Q

Sexual selection causes individuals to differ in their reproductive success due to _________.

A

Sexual selection causes individuals to differ in their reproductive success due to COMPETITION FOR MATES.

23
Q

Individuals have different traits they use to compete for mates…song, dance, color, morphological structure, etc.

If these traits increase the likelihood an individual will mate…they are favored by _____.

A

sexual selection

24
Q

T or F

ONLY males can have sexually selected traits.

A

FALSE

BOTH males and females can have sexually selected traits.

25
Q

The colors, songs, and dances of peacocks and birds of paradise ______, but they _________.

A

The colors, songs, and dances of peacocks and birds of paradise DO NOT INCREASE SURVIVAL, but they DO INCREASE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.

these alleles increase in a population through sexual selection, rather than natural selection

26
Q

What are the two ways sexual selection can occur?

A

1) INTER-sexual selection
2) INTRA-sexual selection

27
Q

INTRA-sexual selection

A

direct competition among one sex for access to the other sex (usually male-male competition)

28
Q

In INTRA-sexual selection, what could competition include?

A

signals of fighting ability, threats, or actual aggression

29
Q

T or F

INTRA-sexual selection and male-male competition can occur post-fertilization.

A

TRUE

internal sperm competition occurs (as does cryptic female choice)

30
Q

INTER-sexual selection

A

indirect competition among one sex to attract the other sex; involves mate choice (usually female choice)

31
Q

What type of sexual selection does this describe?

In these species, male phenotypes are functionally determined by female preferences.

A

INTER-sexual selection

ECOL Final (32 decks)

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