Reproduction Strategies pt. 1

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

shows that sex is NOT essential to produce offspring

Question 2

Three ways to asexually reproduce:

Answer 2

1) Binary fission
2) Asexual propagation
3) Parthenogenesis

Question 3

What is binary fission?

Answer 3

a process in which one individual produces a copy of all its DNA, grows to 2x original size, then splits into two

Question 4

What is asexual propagation?

Answer 4

a new plant is produced from the roots, stem, or leaves of a single parent

Question 5

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 5

females lay unfertilized eggs, which develop into offspring (can lead to an all female species)

turkeys!!

Question 6

What is a cost of asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

If a parent has an orange or red chromosome that carries a deleterious mutation, all offspring produced by asexual reproduction would inherit this detriment.

Since renomination or independent assortment does not occur, these mutations can build up over many generations.

Question 7

What does sexual reproduction require?

Answer 7

gametes formed during meiosis

Question 8

What is a benefit of sexual reproduction?

Answer 8

once a mutation evolves in a lineage, it DOES NOT become permanent

Question 9

What does sexual reproduction avoid?

Answer 9

Muller’s Ratchet

Question 10

What are the costs of sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

If the combination of orange + red chromosomes is a beneficial combination within the mother, none of the offspring produced by sexual reproduction would have this combination due to offspring getting half of their chromosomes from their father.

Question 11

What is a benefit of asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

If alleles on the orange + red chromosomes are beneficial combination, all offspring produced by asexual reproduction would have this benefit.

Question 12

In sexual reproduction, what are the two types of gametes?

Answer 12

Isogamy and anisogamy

Question 13

Isogamy

Answer 13

all individuals within a species produce gametes of the same size (no genetic sexes but different mating types)

Question 14

Anisogamy

Answer 14

individuals within a species produce gametes of different sizes (genetic sexes…egg and sperm)

Question 15

Which of the following comparisons between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction IS FALSE?

a. Parents pass on more of their DNA to their offspring in organisms that reproduce asexually, as compared to sexually.
b. Mutations are less likely to be passed onto the next generation in organisms that reproduce sexually, as compared to asexually.
c. Parents do not waste as much time and energy searching for a mate in organisms that reproduce asexually, as compared to sexually.
d. Males and females produce gametes of the same size in organisms that reproduce asexually, whereas male gametes are smaller than female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually.

Answer 15

d. Males and females produce gametes of the same size in organisms that reproduce asexually, whereas male gametes are smaller than female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually.

Question 16

What are gametes like in isogamous species?

Answer 16

all individuals produce gametes of the same size but gametes can be different mating types (sexes) such as + or -

if gametes are same size and same type fertilization does NOT occur

gametes from each mating type contain DNA, as well as nutrients for developing zygote

Question 17

What are gametes like in anisogamous species?

Answer 17

some individuals produce smaller gametes, like pollen and sperm, whereas other individual produce larger gametes like ova and eggs

smaller gametes are mobile, provide no nutrients (DNA only) and can be produced in great # …..sperm

larger gametes are immobile, provide essential nutrients for the developing zygote, and are few in # ….egg

gametes are diff types and sizes….fertilization occurs