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Biology year 1 and 2 wjec > Sexual Reproduction In Humans > Flashcards

Sexual Reproduction In Humans Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure and function if the ovaries

A

2 ovaries
Oocytes mature in follicles (develop in germinal epithelium, mature follicles move to surface of ovary where a secondary oocyte is released in ovulation.

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2
Q

Function of fallopian tune /oviduct

A

Transports the egg from ovaries to uterus and contain cilia to sweep oocyte

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3
Q

Name the 3 layers in the uterus

A

Perimetrium -thin layer around outisde
Myomerium-muscle layer
Endometrium- internost layer . Is a mucous membrane that develops and nourish embryo before birth

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4
Q

Where can the embryo implant and sheds every month

A

Endometrium

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5
Q

Describe the structure and function of the cervix

A

Connective tissue and muscle allows sperm to enter by producing a thin mucous

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6
Q

What does the testis/scrotum contain

A

Seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

What are seminiferous tubules

A

Are cells thay undergo sperm formation when spermatozoa reach the lumen they collect in the vasa efferentia

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8
Q

What is the vasa efferntia

A

Coiled tubes that carry sperm to head of epididimymis.

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9
Q

What is the function of the epididymis

A

Where sperm remain where they become motile and pass into vas deferens in ejaculation

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10
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens

A

Carries sperm from epididymis to penis where mucous from seminal vesicles are secreted.

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11
Q

What does the mucous from seminal vesicles contain

A

Chemicals includinf fructose respire by the sperm for energy.

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12
Q

What is secreted in the prostate gland

A

Zinc containing prostate fluid

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13
Q

What are the 3 accessory glands

A

Seminal gland
Cowpers gland
Prostate gland

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14
Q

What are the roles of the alkaline accessory glands

A

Mantain sperm mobility
Provide nutrients to sperm
Neutralise the acidity of any urine in the urethera
And reduces acidity of the vaginal tract

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15
Q

What are the roles of the alkaline accessory glands

A

Mantain sperm mobility
Provide nutrients to sperm
Neutralise the acidity of any urine in the urethera
And reduces acidity of the vaginal tract

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16
Q

What is the final fluid conposition that enters the penis and urethra after the prostate gland

A

A mixture of spermatozoa, seminal and prostate fluids

17
Q

What is gametogenesis

A

The production of gametes in the sex organs

18
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Formation of sperm in testis

19
Q

What is oogenesis

A

The formation of secondary oocytes in the ovary

20
Q

Why are haploid gametes important

A

To restore the diploid number in fertilisation

21
Q

Describe male spermatogenesis

A

Cells of germinal epithelium divide by mitosis to form spermatogonia and more ge cells
Spermatogonia divide and enlarge making primary spermatocytes and more spermatogonia . Primary spermatocytes divide by meiosis making secondary spermatocytes - haploid. These undergo meiosis 11 making spermatids which mature into spermatozoa or sperm.

22
Q

How is mitochondria arranged in the middle piece of sperm

A

Spiral around microtubules which extend from the centriole into the axial filament in the tail

23
Q

Describe the chain of products in oogenesis

A

Germinal epithelium-oogonia- primary oocytes-secondary oocytes +first polar body-
Germinal epithelium -follicile cells-(surround primary oocytes to form primary follicles - secondary follicile (graafan follicile- migrates to ovary releasing secondary oocyte)

24
Q

In what stage of meiosis 11 would the secondary oocyte stop if feetilisation did not take place

A

Metaphase 11

25
Q

When does meiosis 11 get completed

A

In fertilisation

26
Q

Once meiosis 11 in fertilisation has been completed what are the products

A

An ovum containing most of the cytoplasm and the second polar body

27
Q

What does the graafan follicile become in ovulation

A

Corpus luteum - yellow body and produces hornones if fertilsation occurs

28
Q

What cells protect and nourissh the spermatozoea

A

Sertoli

29
Q

When prinary oocytes dvide by meiosis , in what stage do they stop before puberty

A

Prophase 1
After puberty one conpletes its first division to form the secondary oocyte

30
Q

What is the function of the insterstitial cells (leydig cells)

A

Secrete testosterone involved in stimulating spermatogenesis and development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Biology year 1 and 2 wjec (26 decks)

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