Sexual Reproduction In Humans Flashcards
Describe the structure and function if the ovaries
2 ovaries
Oocytes mature in follicles (develop in germinal epithelium, mature follicles move to surface of ovary where a secondary oocyte is released in ovulation.
Function of fallopian tune /oviduct
Transports the egg from ovaries to uterus and contain cilia to sweep oocyte
Name the 3 layers in the uterus
Perimetrium -thin layer around outisde
Myomerium-muscle layer
Endometrium- internost layer . Is a mucous membrane that develops and nourish embryo before birth
Where can the embryo implant and sheds every month
Endometrium
Describe the structure and function of the cervix
Connective tissue and muscle allows sperm to enter by producing a thin mucous
What does the testis/scrotum contain
Seminiferous tubules
What are seminiferous tubules
Are cells thay undergo sperm formation when spermatozoa reach the lumen they collect in the vasa efferentia
What is the vasa efferntia
Coiled tubes that carry sperm to head of epididimymis.
What is the function of the epididymis
Where sperm remain where they become motile and pass into vas deferens in ejaculation
What is the function of the vas deferens
Carries sperm from epididymis to penis where mucous from seminal vesicles are secreted.
What does the mucous from seminal vesicles contain
Chemicals includinf fructose respire by the sperm for energy.
What is secreted in the prostate gland
Zinc containing prostate fluid
What are the 3 accessory glands
Seminal gland
Cowpers gland
Prostate gland
What are the roles of the alkaline accessory glands
Mantain sperm mobility
Provide nutrients to sperm
Neutralise the acidity of any urine in the urethera
And reduces acidity of the vaginal tract
What are the roles of the alkaline accessory glands
Mantain sperm mobility
Provide nutrients to sperm
Neutralise the acidity of any urine in the urethera
And reduces acidity of the vaginal tract
What is the final fluid conposition that enters the penis and urethra after the prostate gland
A mixture of spermatozoa, seminal and prostate fluids
What is gametogenesis
The production of gametes in the sex organs
What is spermatogenesis
Formation of sperm in testis
What is oogenesis
The formation of secondary oocytes in the ovary
Why are haploid gametes important
To restore the diploid number in fertilisation
Describe male spermatogenesis
Cells of germinal epithelium divide by mitosis to form spermatogonia and more ge cells
Spermatogonia divide and enlarge making primary spermatocytes and more spermatogonia . Primary spermatocytes divide by meiosis making secondary spermatocytes - haploid. These undergo meiosis 11 making spermatids which mature into spermatozoa or sperm.
How is mitochondria arranged in the middle piece of sperm
Spiral around microtubules which extend from the centriole into the axial filament in the tail
Describe the chain of products in oogenesis
Germinal epithelium-oogonia- primary oocytes-secondary oocytes +first polar body-
Germinal epithelium -follicile cells-(surround primary oocytes to form primary follicles - secondary follicile (graafan follicile- migrates to ovary releasing secondary oocyte)
In what stage of meiosis 11 would the secondary oocyte stop if feetilisation did not take place
Metaphase 11
When does meiosis 11 get completed
In fertilisation
Once meiosis 11 in fertilisation has been completed what are the products
An ovum containing most of the cytoplasm and the second polar body
What does the graafan follicile become in ovulation
Corpus luteum - yellow body and produces hornones if fertilsation occurs
What cells protect and nourissh the spermatozoea
Sertoli
When prinary oocytes dvide by meiosis , in what stage do they stop before puberty
Prophase 1
After puberty one conpletes its first division to form the secondary oocyte
What is the function of the insterstitial cells (leydig cells)
Secrete testosterone involved in stimulating spermatogenesis and development of male secondary sexual characteristics
