Human Impact on environment

Question 1

How does oil effect the environment

Answer 1

Kills life and contaminates water.
Oil floats preventing water pcygenation caoting sea birds and prevent their insulation. Oil can also be washed to shore and digested by land wildlife

Question 2

What is local conservation

Answer 2

Protects communities which act as gene banks - designation

Question 3

What is international conservation

Answer 3

Preservation of gene banks in wild and captivity
- tradr restrictions
-breeding programmes
-sperm banks and seed stores
-reintroductions
-rare breed societies

Question 4

What is the importance of conservation (4 points )

Answer 4

Survival of existing gene pools and useful alleles for humans / other species
-ethical- each species is intriniscally valuable due to particular combination of alleles
- agricultural and horticulatrual breeding with wild relatives
- medical use

Question 5

Name 5 ways agricultural processes dmaage the environment

Answer 5

Removal of hedges
Monoculture-pest and parasite increase
- mineral depletion
-inorganic fertilisers
- overgrazing and compaction - roots cannot penetrate

Question 6

What is the national sceme for subsidies

Answer 6

Encourage farmers to manage farms with conservation in mind

Question 7

How many tropical rainforest species are lost every day

Answer 7

25

Question 8

What are some consequences of deforestation

Answer 8

Reduced biodiversity
- soil erosion
-waterlogged soils
-desertification
- increased co2

Question 9

What is coppicing

Answer 9

Trees cut a few cm from ground
Shoots grow and cut when required thickness reached for furniture

Question 10

What is selective cutting

Answer 10

Only some trees removed at a time to reduce soul erosion and nutrient loss

Question 11

Name the 5 ways of forest management

Answer 11

Coppicing
Selective cutting
Long rotation
Land used effectively eg trees a good distance apart
Preserving natural woodland

Question 12

Causes of fish depletion

Answer 12

Nets with small mesh size
-catching young fosh before maturity
-less breeding occurs
-population decrease
- hard for fish to find a mate
-genetic diversity reduced

Question 13

What are drift nets

Answer 13

Large negs where non target organisms caught

Question 14

What is trawling

Answer 14

Large nets dragged along sea bed

Question 15

What is trawling

Answer 15

Large nets dragged along sea bed

Question 16

Name 6 methods of regulation
in fishing

Answer 16

1. Legal restriction of mesh size
2. Fishing quotas
3. Legislation to manage fleet size
4. Controlling days spent at sea
5. Protective zones
6. Consumer choice to eat sustainably

Question 17

What are the two advantages of fish farming

Answer 17

Fish convert food into protein more effectively than cattle
Has lower carbon footprint

Question 18

Name disadvantages of fish farming

Answer 18

-fish densely stocked- disease
- antibiotics used
- pollution e.g from Waste food or excretions
- escaped fish can outcompete.
- high levels of pesticides
-environmental degradation

Question 19

Give an example of environmental degradation from fish farming

Answer 19

Shrimp farming has been depleting mangroves and freshwater inland is becoming salinated

Question 20

What is environmental monitoring

Answer 20

Describes the current quality of the environment by measuring factors in air soil etc and predict future changes

Question 21

How is water quality measured

Answer 21

Chemically- PH and oestrogens
Biologically - assesing indicator species
Microbiology- bacteria in drinking water

Question 22

What are environmental impact assesments

Answer 22

Compiled for all projects that have an impact on the environment e.g for nuclear power stations and impact on flaura and fauna