classification and biodiveristy Flashcards
what are the reasons for classification
allow organisms that are extinct to be grouped with existing organisms to explain evolutionary relationships.
-makes communication easier if groups are given simple names.
-allow scientists to compare rates of extinction in large groups or organisms.
what are the 3 domains
Eu bacteria-prokaryotic
Archea- prokaryotic/bacteria with unusual metabolism.
Eukaryota-animals fungi plants ect.
what are the 5 kingdoms
animalia
plantae
potoctista
fungi
prokaryotae
what is the 3 domain system
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what does the bionumal name consist of
genus species
what is meant by taxonomy
identification and naming of organisms
what is a taxon
a group within a sustem of classification
what features does the group animalia feature
eukaryotic
-multicellular
-heterotrophic
-no cell walls
-nervous coordination
what features does the group plantae show
-eukaryotic
-multicellular
-cellulose cell wall
-autotrophic nutrition
what features do fungi have
eukaryotic
-heterotrophic
-saprotrophic and parastitic.
chitin cell wall
what features does protoctista have
eukaryotic
-no tissue differentiation
-heterotrophic or autotrophic
what are the features of prokaryotae
unicellular
-no nucleus/membrane bound organelles.
-cell wall made of murein.
-heterotrophic, saprotrophic or parastitic.
what is species richness
number of species
what is species eveness
number of indeviduals of each species.
what does it mean by a species are more related to eachtoher
they have diverged more recentrly the more related they are.
what does the phytogenic tree show
demonstrates how closely related species are. and shows how recently two species have diverged from a common ancestor.
what is divergent evolution
homologous structures that have a common developmental originbut now have different structures.
what is meant by convergant evolution
development of analogous structures/similar structures but different developmental origins.
name 4 ways of assesing biodiversity at a genetic/molecular level
-DNA fingerprinting
-protein analysis
-DNA profiling
-DNA hybridisation
if the polymorphic loci within a genome is larger what doe sit say about the biodiversity of that species
is greater
what is protein analysis
sequence of amino acids in proteins dones by chromatography
-this reduces classification errors by convergent evolution
What is DNA profiling
genetic fingerprinting where DNA fragments are seperated and shown on electrophoresis gel
whats is DNA hybridisation
The DNA from two sppecies is mixed. Complementary fragments will hybridise. The more closely relatedthe species are the more hybridisation will occur.
what are the 3 types of adaptation
-behavioral
-anatomical
-psychological e.g enzymes and hormones.
what is the lincoln index equation
1st capture x 2nd capture divided by recapture
why is simpsons index handy
takes into account species richness and eveness
what is the simspons index equation
1- £n(n-1)
N(N-1)
what is meant by selection pressure
an environmental factor that can alter the frequency of alleles in a population.
