classification and biodiveristy

Question 1

what are the reasons for classification

Answer 1

allow organisms that are extinct to be grouped with existing organisms to explain evolutionary relationships.
-makes communication easier if groups are given simple names.
-allow scientists to compare rates of extinction in large groups or organisms.

Question 2

what are the 3 domains

Answer 2

Eu bacteria-prokaryotic
Archea- prokaryotic/bacteria with unusual metabolism.
Eukaryota-animals fungi plants ect.

Question 3

what are the 5 kingdoms

Answer 3

animalia
plantae
potoctista
fungi
prokaryotae

Question 4

what is the 3 domain system

Answer 4

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 5

what does the bionumal name consist of

Answer 5

genus species

Question 6

what is meant by taxonomy

Answer 6

identification and naming of organisms

Question 7

what is a taxon

Answer 7

a group within a sustem of classification

Question 8

what features does the group animalia feature

Answer 8

eukaryotic
-multicellular
-heterotrophic
-no cell walls
-nervous coordination

Question 9

what features does the group plantae show

Answer 9

-eukaryotic
-multicellular
-cellulose cell wall
-autotrophic nutrition

Question 10

what features do fungi have

Answer 10

eukaryotic
-heterotrophic
-saprotrophic and parastitic.
chitin cell wall

Question 11

what features does protoctista have

Answer 11

eukaryotic
-no tissue differentiation
-heterotrophic or autotrophic

Question 12

what are the features of prokaryotae

Answer 12

unicellular
-no nucleus/membrane bound organelles.
-cell wall made of murein.
-heterotrophic, saprotrophic or parastitic.

Question 13

what is species richness

Answer 13

number of species

Question 14

what is species eveness

Answer 14

number of indeviduals of each species.

Question 15

what does it mean by a species are more related to eachtoher

Answer 15

they have diverged more recentrly the more related they are.

Question 16

what does the phytogenic tree show

Answer 16

demonstrates how closely related species are. and shows how recently two species have diverged from a common ancestor.

Question 17

what is divergent evolution

Answer 17

homologous structures that have a common developmental originbut now have different structures.

Question 18

what is meant by convergant evolution

Answer 18

development of analogous structures/similar structures but different developmental origins.

Question 19

name 4 ways of assesing biodiversity at a genetic/molecular level

Answer 19

-DNA fingerprinting
-protein analysis
-DNA profiling
-DNA hybridisation

Question 20

if the polymorphic loci within a genome is larger what doe sit say about the biodiversity of that species

Answer 20

is greater

Question 21

what is protein analysis

Answer 21

sequence of amino acids in proteins dones by chromatography
-this reduces classification errors by convergent evolution

Question 22

What is DNA profiling

Answer 22

genetic fingerprinting where DNA fragments are seperated and shown on electrophoresis gel

Question 23

whats is DNA hybridisation

Answer 23

The DNA from two sppecies is mixed. Complementary fragments will hybridise. The more closely relatedthe species are the more hybridisation will occur.

Question 24

what are the 3 types of adaptation

Answer 24

-behavioral
-anatomical
-psychological e.g enzymes and hormones.

Question 25

what is the lincoln index equation

Answer 25

1st capture x 2nd capture divided by recapture

Question 26

why is simpsons index handy

Answer 26

takes into account species richness and eveness

Question 27

what is the simspons index equation

Answer 27

1- £n(n-1)
N(N-1)

Question 28

what is meant by selection pressure

Answer 28

an environmental factor that can alter the frequency of alleles in a population.