protein synthesis

Question 1

what are the two processes involved in protein synthesis

Answer 1

transcription and translation

Question 2

what are the problems when making proteins

Answer 2

DNA located in nucleus but proteins made in cytoplasm.
-DNA too large to leave nucleus so a copy of a section is made called mRNA.

Question 3

describe the process of transcription.

Answer 3

DNA unwinds with the enzyme DNA helicase and hydrogen bonds break between bonds. The mRNA is built up by complementary base pairings using a DNA template and RNA polymerase joins nucleotides together to complementary base pairing using phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

what is a codon

Answer 4

in mRNA a set of 3 bases.

Question 5

what are the post transcriptional stages

Answer 5

enzymes splice introns as unwanted

Question 6

what is the problems if introns were not spliced

Answer 6

code for a different protein and don’t code for amino acids.

Question 7

describe what happens during translation

Answer 7

polypeptide chain is formed ribosomes assembled in nucleolus from rRNA and protein. Has two subunits with a groove for mRNA.

Question 8

What is tRNA

Answer 8

amino aicds attach to tRNA-each tRNA is specific for one amino acid and has a sequence of 3 bases called the anticodon, complementary to codon on mRNA.

Question 9

what is amino acid activation

Answer 9

a specific tRNA molecules are attached to specific amino acids in the presence of ATP and enzymes.

Question 10

what are pruines

Answer 10

-arebigger and have a two ring strcutre-adenine and guanine.

Question 11

what is the sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 11

where nucleotides join together to form a sugar to phosphate to sugar chain and are joined by strong covalent phosphodiester bonds.

Question 12

what are exons

Answer 12

expressed DNA that codes for amino acids

Question 13

what is the structure of tRNA

Answer 13

at one end there is a set of 3 unpaired bases called anticodon.
At the other end there is an amino acid binding site which binds to a specific amino acid dependant on anti codon sequence.

Question 14

what are fibrous proteins

Answer 14

long and thin and shape makes them insoluble in water -collagen is a fibrous protein.
-secondary protein structure.
-strength/structural features.

Question 15

what is a globular protein

Answer 15

spherical, unstable and soluble- have metabolic function such as enzymes.