Sexual Reproduction - Fertilization

Question 1

Describe the process of fertilization.

Answer 1

1) sperm and egg chemically recognize one another
2) sperm is activated to gain access to the egg
3) plasma membrane of the egg is fused to the sperm
4) egg blocks entry of additional sperm

Question 2

What type of molecules are used to help mediate interactions between sperm and eggs that help prevent eggs from being fertilized from the wrong species?

Answer 2

recognition molecules

Question 3

What category of species are recognition molecules is the most helpful due to broadcasting sperm?

Answer 3

aquatic species

Question 4

How do eggs that are laid in large quanties, what allows the braodcasted sperm to bind to the eggs?

Answer 4

particular peptides

Question 5

What is the tip of the head of a sperm called?

Answer 5

acrosome

Question 6

When the acrosomal heal is activated, it is able to break through the jelly coat. This triggers the ____ of actin.

Answer 6

polymerization

Question 7

After the polymerization of actin, it triggers the ____ process where the head of the sperm extends out.

Answer 7

acrosomal

Question 8

After the acrosomal process, the ____ will cover the top of the sperm will respond with the ____ receptors on the egg.

Answer 8

bindin; bindin

Question 9

The bindin reaction of the sperm will help the sperm push through which barrier and then into the plasma membrane?

Answer 9

Vitelline envelope

Question 10

Which type of fertilization occurs where the sperm must be inserted by a member of the same species? Mating behaviors will determine whether this is possible or not.

Answer 10

internal fertilization

Question 11

What is a spike in a charge called when there is an influx of Na as the sperm enters the egg?

Answer 11

fast block

Question 12

How long does a slow block to polyspermy last?

Answer 12

20-30 seconds

Question 13

During the slow block to polyspermy, the sperm will first come in contact with what structure where it will then extend out its pieces?

Answer 13

egg coat jelly

Question 14

During the slow block to polyspermy, the ____ will interact with the sperm-binding proteins on the plasma membrane which results in the acrosomal process.

Answer 14

bindin

Question 15

____ granduals help separate the vitilline envelope from the plasma membrane. The fertilization cone will then form, attracting ____ molecules into the space.

Answer 15

Cortical; water

Question 16

The sperm entry triggers the release of ____ ions, granular fuse with plasma membrane and fuse to dump contents.

Answer 16

calcium

Question 17

Mammanlian eggs-sperm entry triggers the release of Ca2+ cortical granules which fuse with the ____ ____. Then, enzymes will destroy the sperm-binding molecules in the ____ ____. There will then be an increase in Ca2+ and also signals the egg to complete meiosis.

Answer 17

plasma membrane; zona pellucia

Question 18

What are species called when they have both male and female members?

Answer 18

diecious

Question 19

What are species called that have one member with both sex organs for reproduction?

Answer 19

monoecious or hermaphroditic

Question 20

What is one example of a hermaphroditic species?

Answer 20

earth worms

Question 21

What are species called where organisms can be male or female at different times?

Answer 21

sequential hermaphroditic

Question 22

What is the main benefit to sequential hemaphrodites?

Answer 22

they decrease the chance of inbreeding, because there is a chance that all siblings can be the same gender