Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
Which type of reproduction occurs when the offspring is an identical copy of their parents?
asexual reproduction
Why is asexual reproduction more efficient than sexual reproduction?
- requires no mating (search costs)
- requires less energy
- can convert resources to offspring
What is the main disadvantage to asexual reproduction?
no genetic diversity
Asexually reproducing individuals tend to be ____ and live in sparse populations.
sessile
Ex. sea urchins
Which kind of asexual reproduction occurs when a new individual arises as outgrowth of another (ex. Hydra)? The cells differentiate after they are released from the parent.
budding
Which kind of asexual reproduction occurs when whole cells form new things? Cells must de-differentiate to regain their totipotency. Piece gives new individual.
regneration
Ex. starfish, sponges, segmented marine worms
How do starfish regenerate?
Starfish can regenerate if their central disc remain in tact when they lose a limb.
How do sponges regenerate?
When sponges are cut up into little pieces, they can regenrate directly from the individual pieces.
How do segmented marine worms regenerate?
These worms have heads at each of their segments which, when broken apart at that head, they can regenerate directly from each of those heads.
Which kind of asexual reproduction occurs when offspring develop from unfertilized eggs?
parthenogenesis
Ex. Many arthropods, some fish, amphibians, reptiles, aphids
How do aphids participate in parthenogenesis?
They can reproduce through parthenogenesis when conditions are favorable. Their unfetilized eggs will develop into different genders based on their environment. When the conditions are unfavorable, they will mate sexually to produce fertilized eggs and ONLY produce females.
When conditions are unfavorable for aphids, how does parthenogenesis take over when determining the gender of their offspring?
When conditions are unfavorable, aphids will mate sexually to produce fertilized eggs and ONLY produce females.
In bees, wasps, and some ants, males develop from ____ eggs and females will develop from ____ eggs.
unfertilized; fertilized
What is an example of when sexual activity is used in parthenogenesis?
In whip-tailed lizards, there are only females in the population, but sometimes, the females can ACT as males. When they have completed ovulation and then the levels of progesterone are high, they will act as a male.
