Sexual Reproduction - External vs Internal Fertilization

Question 1

Which kind of fertilization requires an aquatic environment where the males broadcast their gametes? There needs to be large number of both sperm and eggs.

Answer 1

external fertilization

Question 2

External fertilization occurs only in what kind of environments?

Answer 2

aquatic environments

Question 3

Timing is very important for external fertilization for what reasons?

Answer 3

Timing refers to the synchronization of the fertilization events. This is important for seasonal breeders or social stimulation.

Question 4

What is one example of a species which participates in external fertilization that travels great distances to release their gamets?

Answer 4

salmon

Question 5

Which kind of fertilization is used by terrestrial animals?

Answer 5

internal fertilization

Question 6

What is an advantage to internal fertilization?

Answer 6

it gives protection in the early developmental stages of the organism

Question 7

What is the physcial joining of male and female accessory organs?

Answer 7

copulation

Question 8

What is the indirect transfer of sperm, with containers filled with sperm? Females stradle them and scoop the containers into their cloaca.

Answer 8

spermatophores

Question 9

What are some examples of organisms with spermatophores (indirect transfer)?

Answer 9

salamanders and scorpions

Question 10

Male squids and spiders play a more active role in the indirect transfer of their sperm. How do they do this?

Answer 10

they will physically pick up the sperm and insert it into the female

Question 11

How are genetalia described in relation to how they fit within the same species (species-specific shape)?

Answer 11

lock-and-key

Question 12

What are the first vertebrates that invaded land?

Answer 12

amphibians

Question 13

What type of mating behavior do frogs participate in where they grasp the female around the waist, squeeze the eggs out, and then proceed to fertilize them?

Answer 13

amplexus

Question 14

Which were the first verebrates to reproduce on land via eggs?

Answer 14

reptiles

Question 15

Why are reptile eggs at a high risk of being damaged?

Answer 15

they have a thin membrane and have a permeable membrane to respritory gases

Question 16

What are retractor muscles where sperm are transferred down a groove on the surface? Grasps down in the females. Birds usually channel their sperm in this way into the cloaica.

Answer 16

paired hemipenes

Question 17

Which kind of organisms lay eggs in their environment and embryos develop outside the mother’s body?

Answer 17

oviparious