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Human Sexuality > Sexual Orientation > Flashcards

Sexual Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

What is asexual?

A

person perceives little or no interest in engaging sexually with others

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2
Q

What is pansexual?

A

open to any gender

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3
Q

Queer

A

umbrella term, non-gendered term, also a slur, intended to not labels one’s sexuality

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4
Q

Two-spirited

A

have the spirit of both the male and female

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5
Q

Androphilic

A

anyone attracted to males

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6
Q

Gynephilic

A

anyone attracted to females

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7
Q

Ambiphilic (not really used)

A

If both Androphilic and Gynephilic

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8
Q

Sexual orientation

A

The category of people you are attracted to

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9
Q

Affectional orientation

A

The interaction between affect and cognition such that it produces attraction, erotic desire, and ultimately feelings of love for members of the other sex, the same sex or both

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10
Q

Historically there was no word like homosexual, what happened??

A

As its general usage become popular those who engaged in the activity were no longer doing a behavior, they became a certain creature.

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11
Q

What were 3 examples of what people thought of homosexuals?

A

o Thought to be what was wrong with society
o Called shallow, narcissistic, effeminate, predatory and prudish
o Blamed for American defeat in Vietnam and for WW2

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12
Q

Why did people start identifying as gay or lesbian instead of homosexual?

A

Because homosexual had such a bad connotation associated with it and was very sexualized

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13
Q

What is sexual orientation?

A

The gender(s)/sex(es) that you are attracted to

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14
Q

What is gender identity?

A

The psychological sense of being male, female, or somewhere else on the gender spectrum

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15
Q

What is heterocentric?

A

the assumption of a universal heterosexual orientation

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16
Q

What do we tend to do to people who don’t fit into our norm and who is it bad for?

A

We question who does not fit into our norm (ex: when did you choose to be straight/gay video). IT is bad for everyone! Especially heterosexual men (think of Dan Savage’s video)

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17
Q

What are 5 questions listed on the heterosexual questionnaire? (pick 5 out of 10)

A
  1. when did you first decide you were a heterosexual?
  2. what do you think caused your heterosexuality?
  3. is it possible this is just a phase and you will out grow it?
  4. if you have never slept with a person of the same sex, how d you know you wouldn’t prefer it?
  5. why do you insist on being so obvious with public displays of affection? Can you just be who you are and keep it quiet?
  6. whom have you told about your heterosexuality and how did they react?
  7. do heterosexuals hate or distrust others of their own sex? Is this what makes them heterosexual?
  8. why do heterosexuals place so much emphasis on sex?
  9. why do heterosexuals try to recruit others into this lifestyle
  10. a disproportionate majority of child molesters are heterosexual…. Do you consider it safe to expose children to heterosexual teachers?
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18
Q

People love to theorize what makes people gay but not…

A

what makes people straight

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19
Q

What is heterosexism?

A

prejudice and discrimination against individuals of other sexual orientations and genders, based on the implicit assumption that heterosexuality is the norm

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20
Q

What did the Kinsey scale ask people to rate (2)? What did each number mean (0-6)?

A

Asked to rate experiences and fantasies:

0: Exclusively heterosexual
1: Predominantly heterosexual, only incidentally homosexual
2: Predominantly heterosexual, but more than incidentally homosexual
3: Equally heterosexual and homosexual
4: Predominantly homosexual, but more than incidentally heterosexual
5: Predominantly homosexual, only incidentally heterosexual
6: Exclusively homosexual

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21
Q

What variables would people for on the Klein sexual orientation grid?
What did 0= and 6=?

A

People would rate the variables for past, present and ideal. 0 = exclusively heterosexual to 6 = exclusively homosexual

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22
Q

What is placement on the Klein grid determined by?

A

Placement on the scale is determine by self-report of sexual behaviour and secondarily by self-report of sexual desires and attractions

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23
Q

What was different about the sexuality questionnaire?

A

Attraction to men and women weren’t seen as opposite sides of the spectrum but as separate spectrums.

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24
Q

What did 1 vs. 7 mean on the sexuality questionnaire and what variables were being rated?

A

Each component is assigned a number from 1 (other sex only) to 7 (same sex only) in terms of past, present and “ideal” circumstances.

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25
Q

What is sexual configurations theory?

A
  • Thinking of every individual as having a sexual configuration on a number of axes (ex: gender, sex, partner number, etc)
  • Focus on eroticism and nurturance as broader separate categories
  • Talks about solitary sexuality as a valid form of expression
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26
Q

Define eroticism vs. nurturance

A

♣ Can be bisexual in terms of attraction = eroticism

♣ But can want a heterosexual relationship = nurturance

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27
Q

Explain and draw that othering to diversity idea:

A

Other: white background = all heterosexual, not talking about sexuality

Difference (most common): making that background more apparent. Comparing squares (heterosexuals) to gay people (dots). Looking how different these two groups are. Usually the minority group, the differences are seen as weird.

Diversity: everyone has some sort of sexuality that fall somewhere on a grid. The squares, some have solid lines, dashed lines, slightly curved. So instead of saying all of this group is the same, everyone is put on the grid. Shows all heterosexuals are not the same as all gay people are not the same.

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28
Q

What is a queer and feminist approach to understanding sexuality (thinking from the margins)? Draw it!

A

It is an outer circle that includes: cisnormativity, alignment normatively, heteronormativity, homonormativity, mononormativity, sexual normatively, fixedness normativity that all filter into the inner circle which is you.

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29
Q

DRAW the SCT and explain the 4 parts that make it up, ex: sexual orientation

A

a) Only focuses on binary: men, women, both
b) But there is a gender/sex challenge part = sex/gender doesn’t matter. Challenging the norms.
c) how specific: only only attracted to women (left), both (middle), men (right)
d) what is a core part of your sexuality? If you don’t care about sex/gender it would be 0%

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30
Q

Explain the brain difference findings and what the issue was with it

A

Size different in the INAH3 and SCN. Study was don of cadavers. HUGE FLAW: They didn’t know the sexual orientation of any one dead but those who died of HIV/AIDS were assumed gay but who knows what effect those diseases would have had on the size of the hypothalamus!
Part of the issue with this research is if you can prove you’re biologically gay then its okay b/c you can’t help it, which is just a shit way to think.

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31
Q

Explain the difference in brain symmetry

A

On average male brains are less symmetrical than women. Gay men have a level of symmetry that falls between men and women.

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32
Q

Explain the difference in neural connectivity (white matter)

A

o Seems to be more white matter in women because more distribution across the brain
o Gay men fell between men and women but still so small

33
Q

Explain the difference in response to sexual stimuli? What is the issue?

A

Gay men responded to what they are attracted to. Not a cause, a consequence.

34
Q

Explain the findings for left-handedness

A

o 34% more likely in gay men
o Been replicated across studies
o Being left handed is associated with being deviated from the norm
o Being left handed is more associated with being gay (only 10% of people are left handed and 20-30% of gay men are left handed)

35
Q

Explain the 2D:4D ratio

A

Researchers look at the pointer finger and ring finger. The idea is that people who had higher testosterone in utero have a longer ring fingers

36
Q

What are the findings for having an older brother?

A

It is the biggest predictor of them all!
o A woman’s body treats a male fetus differently than it treats a female fetus. As the mother has more and more boys the more immunity therefore it plays an effect on testosterone and this is why it is linked to gay gene.

37
Q

What are the findings from twin studies?

A

If you have an identical twin who is gay, then you have a 50% chance of being gay as well but there is more to it then just that

There is some evidence that the utero environment contributes to this

38
Q

What is the finding for the “gay gene”?

A

In the 90s they tried to find a gay gene to say that people couldn’t help it and that they were born that way!

There is not a gay gene it is possible that there are a few though.

39
Q

What are most psychosocial explanations about sexuality?

A

Mostly theoretical due to difficulty in testing empirically. Our environment shapes our attractions to some degree.

40
Q

What should we be aware of in term of sexual orientation research?

A

Sexual orientation may develop differently in men than women so we need to be careful of studies just slapping the male findings onto women.

41
Q

What was the purpose of Michael Bailey’s lab at Northwestern?

A

for men you were either gay straight or lying, there was no such thing as bisexual and so Bailey’s lab tried prove this by bringing people into their lab

42
Q

What did Bailey think was the difference between men and women

A

Men have more category specific genital sexual arousal

Women have bisexual/pansexual genital sexual arousal

43
Q

What did people think of Bailey’s research and what has the lab since put forth?

A

Bailey’s research highly criticized by bisexual people

New research from Bailey Lab indicates that there is evidence for bisexual orientation in men in brains and genitals

44
Q

Bisexual

A

attracted to any gender

45
Q

Pansexual

A

similar to bisexual attracted to people across the spectrum

46
Q

Omnisexual

A

not caring to what the gender is (also similar to bisexual)

47
Q

Queer

A

umbrella term where you don’t need to identify your gender or your partners gender

48
Q

Asexual

A

no sexual attraction to any gender

49
Q

Eric Anderson

A

Big advocate that north American men’s virginity is a minority and we are moving towards more sexually expressive men

50
Q

Asexuality

A

A sexual orientation defined by the absence of sexual desire for and sexual attraction towards others

51
Q

Many asexual can have..

A
  • romantic relationships (most people are romantic)

- Can identify as hetero-romantic, homo-romantic, bi-romantic, etc.

52
Q

T or F? Asexual men masturbate at similar rates to sexual men

A

True

53
Q

T or F? - Asexual women show similar levels of arousal in the lab as sexual women

A

True

54
Q

T or F? Majority of asexuals are distressed about their sexuality

A

False

55
Q

T or F? Asexuals have slightly higher social withdrawal than sexual and are slightly more likely to have an autism spectrum disorder some evidence of predictors similar to other orientations

A

True

56
Q

List and define the 6 stages of identity development for LGB People

A

∞ Identify confusion -when people start to realize that they are having attraction to people of the same sex. The sense of am i gay begins?
∞ Identify comparison- this feeling that i am different from other people this can lead to some sort of alienation if you do not see others who you can connect with on this level
∞ Identify tolerance- when someone becomes more comfortable with identifying as gay or lesbian so they start seeking out other queer people
∞ Identify acceptance – where people start to full embrace their identity as a gay person.
∞ Identify ride – when a person emerges themselves in the LGB world
∞ Identity synthesis – when people shift from seeking their Queerness as the primary part of their identity and more into their other identities and it is no longer the dominant thing that rules their interactions in the world. This usually happens in their late 20s

57
Q

T or F? - Out LGB people suffer fewer negative health problems than closeted people

A

True

58
Q

Why might some people not come out?

A

Coming out can be dangerous (depending where you live or who is around)

59
Q

What is Femmephobia/Femmenegativity

A

things that are associated with femininity are looked down upon

60
Q

Who reports the most happiness in terms of married couples?

A

Hetero married couples report most happiness, followed by cohabiting couples (all orientations), followed by singles

61
Q

T or F? Lesbian couples report greater relationship satisfaction than either gay or homosexual couples

A

True

62
Q

T or F? Non-monogamous gay couples are not as happy as monogamous gay couples

A

False

63
Q

Who is more likely to stay friends after a breakup?

A

Same sex couples are more likely to remain friends after a break-up and to look for partners outside their age, race, and socio-economic demographic

64
Q

T or F? The majority of gay couples wish to get married

A

True

65
Q

Do we all have the potential for bisexuality?

A
  • Evidence for sexual curiosity and sexual play during adolescence
  • Many people fantasize about more than one gender
  • Who we fall in love with is both internally and externally influenced
66
Q

4 Facts about bisexuals…

A
  • Bisexual men and women are both more romantically attracted to women and sexual attracted to men on average
  • Bias against bisexual people in both gay and straight populations
  • Assumption that bisexual people are hypersexual
  • Bisexual people, like all people, can be monogamous or non-monogamous
67
Q

Who reports the most sex?

A

Gay men in relationships report the most sex, lesbian couples have the least, and mixed couples fall in between

68
Q

Who reports the most sexual partners?

A

Gay males report 42.8 partners on average in a lifetime, heterosexual males 16.5, lesbian women 9.4, and heterosexual women 4.6

69
Q

Heterosexism

A

prejudice and discrimination against individuals of nonheterosexual orientations, based on the assumption that heterosexuality is the norm

70
Q

Internalized homophobia

A

The fear, dislike and/or intolerance that gay and lesbian individuals feel towards themselves and others with same-sex orientation

71
Q

Homonegativity

A

Explicitly negative attitudes toward gay and lesbian people (or anyone with same sex attraction)

72
Q

T or F? - According to a recent study by the Coalition for Safer Schools and the Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network (GLSEN) in Saratoga County, NY, the typical high school student hears anti-gay slurs 25.5 times a day

A

TRUEEEEE CANT WAIT TO BE DONE THIS MIDDYYYYYYY WOOOO

73
Q

heterosexism

A

prejudice and discrimination again individuals of other sexual orientations and genders, based on the implicit asp,tion that heterosexuality is the norm

74
Q

internalized homophobia

A

the fear, dislike, or intolerance that gay and lesbian individuals feel towards themselves and others with the same-sex orientation

75
Q

homonegativity

A

explicit negative attitudes towards gay and lesbian people

76
Q

conversion therapy

A

therapy directed at same sex or bisexual orientations to change them into have a heterosexual one

77
Q

LGBTQ+ affirmative therapy

A

therapy aimed at helped LGBTQ+ individuals view their sexuality, identity, affectional orientation etc. in a positive light

78
Q

Self identification

A

the process of coming to accept for oneself a particular sexual identity label

79
Q

identity disclosure

A

the process of telling another person or other people tour sexual identity label

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