Sex Research Methods

Question 1

Who wrote the 1st book on sexuality where oral sex was considered deviant ?

Answer 1

Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 2

What was Richard von Krafft-Ebing’s book called and why did it sound so latin?

Answer 2

He was very concerned uneducated people would read this for porn which is why the name was Latin so only educated people could read it

Question 3

What did Havelock Ellis try to do?

Answer 3

1. destigmatize behaviours, challenge stereotypes about what sexual behaviour was appropriate and not. Really trying to normalize sexual sex and sexual behaviour.

Question 4

What did Havelock Ellis uncover about masturbation?

Answer 4

90% “married” men and 74% of women “of good standing” had masturbated, but the belief that masturbation during marriage was wrong also, it was the idea that women didn’t unless they were of a lower class and could not control their urges

Question 5

What did Havelock Ellis believe in relation to humans and animals

Answer 5

Believed things were natural & normal if animal did it in the wild

Question 6

What were 2 stupid things sigmund Freud said?

Answer 6

Said women were frigid and didn’t want sex

Said clitoral stimulation into adulthood was juvenile and should orgasm just by penetration

Question 7

What is wrong with sigmund freud’s 3 essays on the theory of sexuality

Answer 7

• Interesting theories but not science and not psychology,

Question 8

What is Magnus Hirschfield an early champ of? What did he campaign for?

Answer 8

“through science, towards justice” early women’s rights movements. decriminalization of abortion. targeted by Nazis, a lot of his work was burned.

Question 9

What did Robert Latou Dickinson do ingrate detail

Answer 9

dissected cadavers and drew the anatomy. Atlas of Human Sex Anatomy

Question 10

What was Robert Latou Dickinson the first to do?

Answer 10

the first full image of the clitoris (1932). Med textbooks did not include until the 90s.

Question 11

What myth did Kinsey debunk?

Answer 11

that people in jail were different

Question 12

What did Kinsey create?

Answer 12

The kinsey scale which included bisexuality. 3 = bisexual.

Question 13

What happened when Kinsey published the Sexual Behaviour of the Human Female

Answer 13

• But people completely freaked out
• Foundation that funded his research pulled their funding because it was too scandalous
• He continued with his own money and have people come in and measure, but died prematurely

Question 14

What was kinsey the first to do?

Answer 14

use rigorous survey methodology compared to Freud who just had thoughts upon observations, no data

Question 15

What is a survey?

Answer 15

The scientific collection of data from a group of individuals about their beliefs, thoughts and behaviours

Question 16

Respondents

Answer 16

people who respond to the survey; tend to be volunteers

Question 17

Face validity

Answer 17

when you read the question it is asking what you think it is asking

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

consistent answers

Question 19

What are 4 types of survey methods?

Answer 19

1. written questionnaires
2. face-to-face
   - less likely to be honest
   - able to probe if person is getting fidgety
3. telephone interviews
4. internet survey
   - more honest but no clue who is filling it out :/

Question 20

What are 4 considerations when designing surveys?

Answer 20

1. Wording of Questions
2. Participant Sample
3. Self-Selection of Participants
4. Self-Report Data

Question 21

Wording:

Answer 21

try not to have negative words like incest; ask in a round about type of way

Question 22

Participant sample

Answer 22

Your sample should be representative of your target population. Can do random sampling through random digit dialling, but time consuming,

Question 23

What is the most common sample used?

Answer 23

Uni students

Question 24

What is the self-selection bias?

Answer 24

people who opt in are usually different than those who opt out

Question 25

What is the social desirability bias?

Answer 25

people who want to represent themselves in the best way possible. Answer questions in ways that make them look better than they are.

Question 26

What did Masters and Johnson do?

Answer 26

paired up strangers and has them engage in sexual activities with monitors. Had people masturbate and even put cameras in to see what changed internally when aroused.

Question 27

What is direct observation?

Answer 27

-Gathering behavioural data through direct or indirect observation using scientific techniques
-Carefully outlined criteria developed prior to observation
o Ex: how many hair flips, laughs

Question 28

T or F comparing gender is quasi-experimental?

Answer 28

True ! because you cannot manipulate gender

Question 29

What is the penile plethysmography

Answer 29

Metal-in-rubber strain gauge
Electromechanical
Measures change in circumference

Question 30

Rigiscan

Answer 30

Measures change in circumference and how rigid it is

Question 31

Penile Volumetry

Answer 31

Cuff around the penis, pump full of air or water
Uses air (or water) to measure displacement as penis becomes erect
Gets lengths and circumference
Most common for sex offenders

Question 32

Labial Thermistor

Answer 32

clips onto inner labia and measures the temperature change during arousal

Question 33

Vaginal Thermistor

Answer 33

Sits on the side of the vagina wall and measures temperature

Question 34

What is the good things and issue with temperature measures for vaginas

Answer 34

♣ Temperature allows to have objective comparisons

Although it takes longer to measure temperature

Question 35

Vaginal Photoplethysmograp

Answer 35

o Like a tampon
o LED light
o As walls fill with blood, vaginal wall becomes more opaque and absorb more light
o Measures how much light is reflected back

Question 36

Thermography

Answer 36

All genitals: Lay naked spread on a table with a camera pointed at your genitals
o Useful for comparing vaginas and penises

Question 37

MRI (2)

Answer 37

• Can look at the brain or genitals

- Useful when looking at the brain during orgasms, or desire