Sexual DOs Flashcards

1
Q

age females that pedophiles are attracted to

A

8-10

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2
Q

androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

defect in androgen receptor
pt is genetically a male with XY chromosomes
has eternal female sex charactaristics since body unable to respond to androgens
no uterus, no menstruation.
undescended testes
increased testosterone, estrogen and LH

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3
Q

gender identity begins at age

A

3

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4
Q

criteria for gender hormone therapy

A

capacity to consent to tx
well document diagnosis of gender dysphoria
well controlled medical/mental comorbidties

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5
Q

rubbing against non consenting people

A

frotterurism

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6
Q

sexual SE of anti hypertensives

A

impaired vaginal lubrication due to anti adrenergic effects

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7
Q

gender dysphoria

A

6 mo of
-incongruence between identified and anatomical gender evidenced by at least 2 of:
-get rid of sex’s charactartistics
-have the opposite genders sex characteristics
be the opposite gender
be treated as the other gender

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8
Q

linked with inc rate of homosexuality

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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9
Q

recommended stage to start pubertal suppression

A

tanner 2

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10
Q

criteria for paraphilic DO

A
  1. personal distress about their interest
  2. have a sexual desire or behavior that involves another person’s psychological distress, injury or death
  3. a desire for sexual behaviors involving unwilling persons or persons unable to give legal consent.
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11
Q

Kleinfelter syndrome

A

47, XXY

meiotic nondysjunction

tall , long, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, develolemtnal delay,
may have breast tissue removed

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12
Q

classical conditioning

A

conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response due to proximity to unconditioned stiumulus and unconditioned response

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13
Q

exhibitionaism

A

exposing genitelia to stangers ,
onset usually before age 18

> 6 mo

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14
Q

cluster analysis

A

divides large group into smaller groups (clusters) so that each individual cluster is more homogenous by some measure

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15
Q

magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A

uses signal from hydrogen protons to determine biochemical concentrations of brain metabolites.

PET scan: glucose metabolism

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16
Q

operant schedule types

A

continuous: reward every time it occurs

fixed interval: reinforcement for a response that occurs at a set time

variable time schedule: reinforcement after varying amounts of time, regardless of behavior being performed.

fixed ratio: reinforcement every set period of responses

17
Q

chi square test
and others

A

chi: used to compare samples with non measurable nominal or categorical variables . used for frequency data rather than comparison of means

t test: compares means of two independent and different sample populations

paired t test: compare means of two related/paired sample populations

ANOVA: analysis of variance

compares means of multiple groups to determine if they are equal

18
Q

hawthorne effect

A

observer effect

bias in which study participants change behavior based on knowledge that they are being studied.

pygmalion effect: people tend to perform to the expectations placed on them.

observer expectancy effect: bias of observer unconsciously influences the participants inadvertently.

19
Q

congenital sexual DO with higher rates of homosexuality

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia : lack 21 hydroxylase enzyme which assists in making cortisol, aldosterone and androgen hormones from adrenal gland

CAH females: ambiguous genitalia , males have early puberty

and

5 alpha reductase deficiency
- genetic males 46XY, there is inability to convert testosterone to DHT. patient will have ambigious genitalia until puberty

20
Q

how dose of ECT is changed

A

changing time of exposure to fixed current

“constant current devices”

21
Q

p value

A

used to decide statistical significant of results.

p-value of 0.05 implies there is a 5% chance of the experimental result occurring by chance alone if the null hypothesis is true.

null hypothesis: no statistical difference.

how likely it is that your data would have occurred under the null hypothesis of your statistical test.

probability that a particular measure, such as the mean or standard deviation, of an assumed probability distribution will be greater than or equal to observed results.

smaller p value will improve test’s reproducibility.

22
Q

negative predictive value

A

liklihood that negative result means they dont have condition.

23
Q

sensitivity

A

probability that an individual with the condition will test positive.

80% sensitive means 80/100 will test positive with condition

24
Q

specificity

A

probability that individual without condition will test negative.

90% specific means 90 /100 without condition will test negative.

25
Q

types of studies

A

cross sectional: single point in time to asses incidence and prevalence

case control: looking back in time to assess exposure, analyze known outcome

cohort: follows group without disease over time to determine risk of developing disease

crossover: longitudinal study in which subjects receive diff treatments over course of research, so that all subjects eventually receive the same exposure.

26
Q

kluver bucy syndrome

A

amygdala lesion

amygdala is behavior and emotion

lesions to amygdala cause hypersexuality

can also have
hyperphagia, hyperorality, visual agnosia and docility

27
Q

criteria to start hormone therapy

A

capacity to consent

well document dx of gener dysphoria

well control comorbidities

min 16 yo to start cross gender hormones

min. Tanner 2 to start puberty supression

28
Q

vagus nerve stimulation
FDA approval

A

battery powered devices similar to cardiac pacemaker

pulses for 30 seconds every 5 minutes.

  1. refractory epilepsy (ages 12+)
  2. treatment resistant depression in adults
  3. treatment resistant depression in children 12-17

unclear MOA but thought to stimulate locus coreuleous and median raphe nucleus to inc serotonin and Norepi

29
Q

slot machine reinforcement scheudle

A

variable ratio :

provides reinforcement at a varying response rate.

30
Q

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

A

used to compare meals of multiple groups to determine if all are equal

generalizing the two sample t test to several groups

31
Q

classical conditioning

A

associating a neurological stimulus with new stimulus to produce the same neurological response with new stimulus alone

32
Q

standard deviation amounts

A

1 SD: 68%

2SD: 95%

3SD: 99.7

68/95/99.7

33
Q

paraphillic disorders

A

8

exhibitionism
fetishistic DO
frotteruistic DO
pedophillic DO
sexual masochism DO
sexual sadism DO
transvestic DO
voyeuristic DO

34
Q

type 1 vs type 2 error

A

type 1 (alpha): false positive error rate . INCORRECTLY concluding there is a statistically significant difference in a dataset.

Type 2 Error- false negative rate, incorrectly concluding that there was NO statistically significant difference in data set.

35
Q

negative contrast

A

being switched from high rewards to low rewards. frustration can weaken behavior.

36
Q

factor analysis

A

a way researches can investigate concepts that are not measured directly. ie. cognition or socioeconomic status

multiple observed variable have similar patterns of responses bc they are all associated with latent variable.

latent variable- not measured directly.

37
Q

attributable risk (AR)

vs relative risk

A

AR: risk of exposed/experimental group minus the non-exposed/control group.
-estimates the proportion of the event of interest that is specifically due to an intervention.

RR: experimental event rate divided by control event rate

38
Q

what ECT does to a brain

A

electrical stimulus causes synchronous depolarization of neurons in the brain,

Ohm’s law
voltage= current x resistance