developmental processes, clinical science & genetics Flashcards
increased risk for sporadic schizophrenia
advanced paternal age
conservation of liquid
concrete operational stage
Margaret Mahler’s sequence of infant developement
autistic phase, symbiotic phase, separation-individuation
autistic- first weeks of life, total detachment and self absorption, most time sleeping
symbiotic phase- until about 5 mo old, infant recognizes mother but lacks sense of individuality
separation individuation has 3 phases:
- hatching- infant shows increased interest in outside world.
- practicing (9-16 mo)- infant develops physical ability to separate from mother
- rapprochment (15-24 mo), infant explores outside world but requires mother to be present and to be able to support child in task emotionally
klinefelter syndrome
meiotic nondysjunction
males have extra X chrom
47 XXY
tall, long extremities, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, developmental delay
higher mortality from breast cancer
ages of different plays
2- parallel play
3- associative
4- cooperative
genes in human genome
25k
extinction
loss of previously learned operant response after no longer reinforced by a stimulus
Erick Erikson 8 stages of development
- trust v mistrust (birth to 18m): basic trust
2, autonomy v shame (18 mo-3y)- toddlers need to do things themselves; control and dependence
- initiative v guilt (3-6yo)- early childhood: kids learn how to exert themselves, guilt if not supported, finding purpose, taking control of environment
- industry v inferiority: (6-up to age 12)- self confidence and self interests and abilities. competence, social skills (going to school)
- Identity v role confusion: (ages 12-19); develop self identity and determine how they will fit into society in adulthood. identity and commitment
- intimacy v isolation (18y-35)- ability to form close attachments with others, including romantic, commitment
- generativity vs stagnation (35-65)- middle adulthood, where an individual faces question of how to contribute to society
- ego integrity v despair (65 to death): late adulthood, looking back over accomplishments and determining if they are fulfilled or dissatified.
concrete operational stage
piaget
learn rules around ags 7-11 such as conservation,
decentering (multiple aspects of a problem to solve it), reversibility (understanding numbers can be changed and return to original state), transivity (ability to sort objects mentally and recognize relationships among things in a series).
oedipal complex
Freud’s theory
phallic phase
a boys unconsious desire to possess his mother sexually and kill his father
castration anxiety are boys who have guilt from oedipal complex
starts during PHALLIC phase
phallus phase: girls have penis envy, age 3-5
age 12-18 genital phase
critical period
stage in lifespan of organism in which nervous susten is sensitve to environmental stiumuli
If they don’t receive appropriate stimulus during this time to learn a skill, they may not learn it.
heritable risk of suicidal behavior
relatives of suicide completers and attempters have heritable risk of SAs and completions
4x as high
twins 40-55%
adoptions studies suggest gentic component
small molecule transmitters
GABA, glutamate, glycine, ach, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine
stored in small sunaptic vesicles and mediate FAST synaptic tranmission
stored in large gnse core vesicles
somatostatin hypothalamic releasing hormone endorphins enkephalins opiods
herb shown to be effective in anxiety DOs
kava kava
