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Science 2022-2023 > Sexual & Asexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Sexual & Asexual Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A parent cell divides so that each new daughter cell contains a single chromosome carrying a complete & identical set of DNA to that of the parent.

A

Binary Fission

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2
Q

What are three organisms which reproduce through binary fission?

A

E. coli, archaea, & euglena

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3
Q

What are three organisms which are fungi?

A

Mold, yeast, & mushrooms

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4
Q

What are the three methods by which asexual organisms reproduce?

A

Budding, fragmentation, & sporulation

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5
Q

Fungi bodies are comprised of thin filaments. What are they called?

A

Hypha (singular), hyphae (plural)

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6
Q

The process in which a small piece of a fungus breaks away & becomes a genetically new individual.

A

Fragmentation

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7
Q

The process in which a small version of a parent organism grows from the parent and eventually breaks away, developing into an independent organism.

A

Budding

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8
Q

What are the steps of the budding process?

A

First, a copy of the parent’s nucleus is made. Then, a tiny bud begins to grow on the parent’s cell wall, & it stores the new nucleus. The bud will continue to grow, & at some point, it will break away to become an independent cell. This new cell is identical to the parent.

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9
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive cell which can grow into a new individual through mitotic cell division.

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10
Q

Spores are stored in a case. What is it called?

A

A sporangium

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11
Q

Describe the sporulation process.

A

First, the spores in a sporangium grow up from the hyphae of a mold. At some point, the sporangium will burst, releasing spores into the air.

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12
Q

What are the products of (successful) reproduction?

A

New Offspring

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13
Q

50% of one’s genetic code comes from where?

A

Each of their parents.

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14
Q

The entirety of a bacteria’s genetic code, excluding mutations, comes from where?

A

Its parent.

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15
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A reproductive cell

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16
Q

The process in which a male gamete combines with a female gamete to form a new diploid organism.

A

Fertilization

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17
Q

What is the product of meiosis?

A

New gametes

18
Q

What are two advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Greater genetic variation, & (usually) a lower chance of the species’ population taking serious damage from a disease.

19
Q

What are two disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Usually slower, usually requires more resources & nurturing to ensure a good life for the offspring.

20
Q

Which are usually more likely to survive a sudden change, asexual or sexual-reproducing species?

A

Sexually-reproducing species

21
Q

Diploid cells have what?

A

A complete set of chromosomes as the species they belong to.

22
Q

Haploid cells have what?

A

Half the number of chromosomes as the species they are produced by.

23
Q

The immediate product of fertilization is what?

A

A zygote

24
Q

The algebraic notation for a haploid cell is what?

A

n

25
Q

A species whose members produce either male or female gametes.

A

Dioecious species

26
Q

Organs which produce gametes

A

Gonads

27
Q

Male gonads in humans

A

Testicles

28
Q

Female gonads in humans

A

Ovaries

29
Q

A species whose members produce both male & female gametes.

A

Monoecious species

30
Q

What are two synonyms for monoecious?

A

Bisexual & hermaphrodite

31
Q

Organisms which produce eggs that develop & hatch outside the mother.

A

Oviparous

32
Q

Organisms whose offspring are born alive.

A

Viviparous

33
Q

Organisms whose embryonic offspring develop inside eggs which stay in the mother’s body, until they are ready to hatch.

A

Ovoviparous

34
Q

Two examples of oviparous organisms

A

Birds & frogs

35
Q

Two examples of viviparous organisms

A

Cows & humans

36
Q

Two examples of ovoviparous organisms

A

Snakes & sharks

37
Q

What are three characteristics of the r-selection strategy?

A

High number of produced offspring, little to no parental care given to the offspring, & shorter lifespans of the offspring

38
Q

What are three characteristics of the K-selection strategy?

A

Low number of produced offspring, large amount of parental care given to the offspring, & longer lifespans for the offspring

39
Q

What are two organisms which use the r-selection strategy?

A

Oysters & turtles

40
Q

What are two organisms which use the k-selection strategy?

A

Chimpanzees & elephants

41
Q

What is a mass of hyphae called?

A

A mycelium

Science 2022-2023 (8 decks)

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