Sexual & Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
A parent cell divides so that each new daughter cell contains a single chromosome carrying a complete & identical set of DNA to that of the parent.
Binary Fission
What are three organisms which reproduce through binary fission?
E. coli, archaea, & euglena
What are three organisms which are fungi?
Mold, yeast, & mushrooms
What are the three methods by which asexual organisms reproduce?
Budding, fragmentation, & sporulation
Fungi bodies are comprised of thin filaments. What are they called?
Hypha (singular), hyphae (plural)
The process in which a small piece of a fungus breaks away & becomes a genetically new individual.
Fragmentation
The process in which a small version of a parent organism grows from the parent and eventually breaks away, developing into an independent organism.
Budding
What are the steps of the budding process?
First, a copy of the parent’s nucleus is made. Then, a tiny bud begins to grow on the parent’s cell wall, & it stores the new nucleus. The bud will continue to grow, & at some point, it will break away to become an independent cell. This new cell is identical to the parent.
What is a spore?
A reproductive cell which can grow into a new individual through mitotic cell division.
Spores are stored in a case. What is it called?
A sporangium
Describe the sporulation process.
First, the spores in a sporangium grow up from the hyphae of a mold. At some point, the sporangium will burst, releasing spores into the air.
What are the products of (successful) reproduction?
New Offspring
50% of one’s genetic code comes from where?
Each of their parents.
The entirety of a bacteria’s genetic code, excluding mutations, comes from where?
Its parent.
What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell
The process in which a male gamete combines with a female gamete to form a new diploid organism.
Fertilization
What is the product of meiosis?
New gametes
What are two advantages of sexual reproduction?
Greater genetic variation, & (usually) a lower chance of the species’ population taking serious damage from a disease.
What are two disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
Usually slower, usually requires more resources & nurturing to ensure a good life for the offspring.
Which are usually more likely to survive a sudden change, asexual or sexual-reproducing species?
Sexually-reproducing species
Diploid cells have what?
A complete set of chromosomes as the species they belong to.
Haploid cells have what?
Half the number of chromosomes as the species they are produced by.
The immediate product of fertilization is what?
A zygote
The algebraic notation for a haploid cell is what?
n
A species whose members produce either male or female gametes.
Dioecious species
Organs which produce gametes
Gonads
Male gonads in humans
Testicles
Female gonads in humans
Ovaries
A species whose members produce both male & female gametes.
Monoecious species
What are two synonyms for monoecious?
Bisexual & hermaphrodite
Organisms which produce eggs that develop & hatch outside the mother.
Oviparous
Organisms whose offspring are born alive.
Viviparous
Organisms whose embryonic offspring develop inside eggs which stay in the mother’s body, until they are ready to hatch.
Ovoviparous
Two examples of oviparous organisms
Birds & frogs
Two examples of viviparous organisms
Cows & humans
Two examples of ovoviparous organisms
Snakes & sharks
What are three characteristics of the r-selection strategy?
High number of produced offspring, little to no parental care given to the offspring, & shorter lifespans of the offspring
What are three characteristics of the K-selection strategy?
Low number of produced offspring, large amount of parental care given to the offspring, & longer lifespans for the offspring
What are two organisms which use the r-selection strategy?
Oysters & turtles
What are two organisms which use the k-selection strategy?
Chimpanzees & elephants
What is a mass of hyphae called?
A mycelium
