Cells Flashcards
The organelle which gives the cell its shape, protects the organelles, & manages the movement of substances in & out of the cell.
Cell Membrane
The cytosol as well as the organelles inside it.
Cytoplasm
This organelle contains DNA, & is responsible for the coordination of different cell activities such as protein synthesis, mitosis, growth, etc. It is spherical.
Nucleus
This organelle is responsible for producing energy for the cell. It converts glucose & oxygen into ATP molecules.
Mitochondria
This organelle assists in the process of mitosis & meiosis. It is comprised of 9 triplet bundles of microtubules. It is self-replicating
Centriole
This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis & the transportation of nutrients. It has several ribosomes attached to its surface, & appears like sheets of membranes placed together.
Rough ER
This organelle is responsible for the production & storage of steroids, lipid synthesis, carb metabolism, & detoxification. It has a tubular appearance, & does not have ribosomes attached to it.
Smooth ER
This organelle is responsible for the processing & packaging of proteins. It is located near the nucleus & contains a large number of vesicles.
Golgi Body
This organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste substances from the cell, & turning them into simplified substances. It is also responsible for recycling organic material of the cell.
Lysosome
This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis. It is small, spherical, and is comprised of ribosomal RNA & ribosomal proteins.
Ribosome
This organelle acts as a storage area for food & nutrients. It plays a role in the release of cellular waste substances & intracellular digestion. Plant cells have one large version of it, while animal cells have many small versions of it.
Vacuole
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Main Contribution of Rudolph Virchow
Finding cells in bone & connective tissue.
Main Contribution of Robert Hooke
Discovering plant cells in cork. This discovery led to the understanding of cells as the smallest units of life.
Main contribution of Theodore Schwann
Developing the idea that all living things are composed of cells.
Main contribution of Matias Schleiden
Defined the cell as the basic unit of the plant & animal structures. He cofounded the cell theory.
Main contribution of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Discovered many microscopic organisms such as protists & bacteria
The idea that living things only come from other living things.
Biogenesis
Cells which do not have a well-defined nucleus, or membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells which do have a well-defined nucleus, as well as membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells
Processes in which a cell takes in material.
Endocytosis
Processes in which a cell gets rid of materials.
Exocytosis
What organelles are found only in plant cells?
Cell Wall, Chloroplasts
What organelles are found only in animal cells?
Centrioles, Lysosomes
The net movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. Water molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
The net passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?
- All living organisms are comprised of at least one cell.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
The watery portion of the cell.
Cytosol
The process by which a mitochondrion uses glucose & oxygen to produce ATP.
Cellular Respiration
The process by which plants convert light energy, CO2, and H2O into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
