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Science 2022-2023 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

The organelle which gives the cell its shape, protects the organelles, & manages the movement of substances in & out of the cell.

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

The cytosol as well as the organelles inside it.

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

This organelle contains DNA, & is responsible for the coordination of different cell activities such as protein synthesis, mitosis, growth, etc. It is spherical.

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

This organelle is responsible for producing energy for the cell. It converts glucose & oxygen into ATP molecules.

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

This organelle assists in the process of mitosis & meiosis. It is comprised of 9 triplet bundles of microtubules. It is self-replicating

A

Centriole

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6
Q

This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis & the transportation of nutrients. It has several ribosomes attached to its surface, & appears like sheets of membranes placed together.

A

Rough ER

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7
Q

This organelle is responsible for the production & storage of steroids, lipid synthesis, carb metabolism, & detoxification. It has a tubular appearance, & does not have ribosomes attached to it.

A

Smooth ER

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8
Q

This organelle is responsible for the processing & packaging of proteins. It is located near the nucleus & contains a large number of vesicles.

A

Golgi Body

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9
Q

This organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste substances from the cell, & turning them into simplified substances. It is also responsible for recycling organic material of the cell.

A

Lysosome

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10
Q

This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis. It is small, spherical, and is comprised of ribosomal RNA & ribosomal proteins.

A

Ribosome

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11
Q

This organelle acts as a storage area for food & nutrients. It plays a role in the release of cellular waste substances & intracellular digestion. Plant cells have one large version of it, while animal cells have many small versions of it.

A

Vacuole

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12
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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13
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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14
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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15
Q

Main Contribution of Rudolph Virchow

A

Finding cells in bone & connective tissue.

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16
Q

Main Contribution of Robert Hooke

A

Discovering plant cells in cork. This discovery led to the understanding of cells as the smallest units of life.

17
Q

Main contribution of Theodore Schwann

A

Developing the idea that all living things are composed of cells.

18
Q

Main contribution of Matias Schleiden

A

Defined the cell as the basic unit of the plant & animal structures. He cofounded the cell theory.

19
Q

Main contribution of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

A

Discovered many microscopic organisms such as protists & bacteria

20
Q

The idea that living things only come from other living things.

A

Biogenesis

21
Q

Cells which do not have a well-defined nucleus, or membrane-bound organelles.

A

Prokaryotic Cells

22
Q

Cells which do have a well-defined nucleus, as well as membrane-bound organelles.

A

Eukaryotic Cells

23
Q

Processes in which a cell takes in material.

A

Endocytosis

24
Q

Processes in which a cell gets rid of materials.

A

Exocytosis

25
Q

What organelles are found only in plant cells?

A

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts

26
Q

What organelles are found only in animal cells?

A

Centrioles, Lysosomes

27
Q

The net movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. Water molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

A

Osmosis

28
Q

The net passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

A

Diffusion

29
Q

What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living organisms are comprised of at least one cell.
  2. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
  3. The cell is the basic unit of life.
30
Q

The watery portion of the cell.

A

Cytosol

31
Q

The process by which a mitochondrion uses glucose & oxygen to produce ATP.

A

Cellular Respiration

32
Q

The process by which plants convert light energy, CO2, and H2O into chemical energy.

A

Photosynthesis

Science 2022-2023 (8 decks)

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