Genetics Flashcards
A long molecule formed by nucleotides. It contains one’s genetic code.
DNA
An uninterrupted segment of DNA. It contains coded instructions for specific characteristics.
Gene
A genotype in which both alleles are dominant.
Homozygous Dominant
A genotype in which both alleles are recessive.
Homozygous Recessive
Each possible variation of a gene. Physical traits are governed by the inheritance of alleles.
Allele
A genotype in which one allele is dominant, whilst the other recessive.
Heterozygous
A square diagram which is used to identify allelic combinations when two organisms breed.
Punnett Square
The genetic composition of alleles for a specific characteristic.
Genotype
The observable traits of an organism.
Phenotype
The ratio which compares different genotypes of the offspring which result from breeding.
Genotypic Ratio
The ratio which compares the different phenotypes of the offspring which result from breeding.
Phenotypic Ratio
The first generation of offspring produced by breeding two genetically distinct organisms.
F1 Generation
A physical feature, such as eye color or hairline
Characteristic
A variation of a characteristic, such as eye color being red, or hairline being smooth.
Trait
An allele which will always be expressed, regardless of the other allele.
Dominant Allele
An allele which will only be expressed if the other allele is also recessive.
Recessive Allele
What are the four nucleobases?
Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine
Two nucleobases which are bonded together.
Base pair
The combination of a nucleic base, sugar molecule, & phosphate molecule.
Nucleotide
The study of how heritable characteristics are inherited.
Genetics
The transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next.
Heredity
A widely accepted model of DNA which resembles a double helix.
Watson-Crick Model
