Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity
gene
Found in every cell, passed down from parents, contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Thread like molecules that carry heredity information, made of proteins and one molecule of DNA.
Chromosomes
Each person has one pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes and Males have
an X and a Y chromosome
This chromosome triggers embryonic development of a male
Y chromosome
smallest structural, functional and biological unit of all living organisms
cell
organelle present in most eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material
nucleus
Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism
asexual
This type of reproduction is produced by mitosis
asexual
The offspring is genetically identical or a clone of the parent
asexual
type of cell division that results in two daughter c ells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
mitosis
a type of asexual reproduction where the parent cell splits into two halves producing two new cells.
Examples: bacteria, amoeba, euglena
binary fission
A type of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows off of the parents body
Example: hydra
budding
A type of asexual reproduction where the parent breaks into distinct pieces and each piece produces an offspring
Example: Planarians (flatworms)
fragmentation
A type of asexual reproduction where if a piece of the parent is detached, it can grow into a completely new offspring
Example: some starfish
Regeneration
A type of asexual reproduction where new organisms arise without production of seeds or spores
Example: Spider plants, potatoes
Vegetative Reproduction
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? (List 4)
- Good for organisms that are not mobile
- Numerous offspring
- Doesn’t cost the parent a lot of energy
- Quick
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction? (List 3)
- lacks genetic variation
- offspring share the same weaknesses as the parent
- may not be able to adapt to environmental changes
Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from two parents
sexual
The testis in the male produce the male gametes or
sperm
The ovaries in females produce the female gametes or
ovum (eggs)
These are the sex cells in sexual reproduction
gametes
Gametes are formed by
Meiosis
A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells
mitosis
Mitosis produces two _______cells, which are identical to the parents
diploid
Meiosis produces 4 _________ cells, which contain some characteristics of the parent cell but are not identical
Haploid
When sperm enters the ova
fertilization
Each gamete contains _____ chromosomes
23
When the two gametes fuse they form
zygote
The zygote has ____ chromosomes
46
The zygote then divides by
mitosis
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction (List 3)
- leads to genetic variation and allows adaptation
- Organism is more protected, may not get the weakness of the parent
- Removes bad genes from the population
Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction (List 4)
- Organism must find a mate
- Takes longer time
- can prevent favorable genes from being passed down
- produces fewer offspring
What are some examples of plants that can reproduce both sexually and asexually?
fungi, strawberries, daffodils, starlet sea anemone, jellyfish, sponges
A change that occurs in the DNA sequence that causes a change in the organisms appearance, behavior, or function
Mutation
What are some examples of harmful mutations? (List 3 of 7)
Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, albinism, downs syndrome, wingless fruit fly, hemophilia, dwarfism
A mutation of the gene that helps make hemoglobin (carries oxygen to red blood cells)
sickle cell anemia
