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Science Grade 7 > Sexual and Asexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity

A

gene

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2
Q

Found in every cell, passed down from parents, contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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3
Q

Thread like molecules that carry heredity information, made of proteins and one molecule of DNA.

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

Each person has one pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes and Males have

A

an X and a Y chromosome

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5
Q

This chromosome triggers embryonic development of a male

A

Y chromosome

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6
Q

smallest structural, functional and biological unit of all living organisms

A

cell

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7
Q

organelle present in most eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material

A

nucleus

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8
Q

Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism

A

asexual

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9
Q

This type of reproduction is produced by mitosis

A

asexual

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10
Q

The offspring is genetically identical or a clone of the parent

A

asexual

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11
Q

type of cell division that results in two daughter c ells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

mitosis

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12
Q

a type of asexual reproduction where the parent cell splits into two halves producing two new cells.

Examples: bacteria, amoeba, euglena

A

binary fission

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13
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows off of the parents body

Example: hydra

A

budding

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14
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where the parent breaks into distinct pieces and each piece produces an offspring

Example: Planarians (flatworms)

A

fragmentation

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15
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where if a piece of the parent is detached, it can grow into a completely new offspring

Example: some starfish

A

Regeneration

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16
Q

A type of asexual reproduction where new organisms arise without production of seeds or spores

Example: Spider plants, potatoes

A

Vegetative Reproduction

17
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? (List 4)

A
  1. Good for organisms that are not mobile
  2. Numerous offspring
  3. Doesn’t cost the parent a lot of energy
  4. Quick
18
Q

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction? (List 3)

A
  1. lacks genetic variation
  2. offspring share the same weaknesses as the parent
  3. may not be able to adapt to environmental changes
19
Q

Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from two parents

A

sexual

20
Q

The testis in the male produce the male gametes or

A

sperm

21
Q

The ovaries in females produce the female gametes or

A

ovum (eggs)

22
Q

These are the sex cells in sexual reproduction

A

gametes

23
Q

Gametes are formed by

A

Meiosis

24
Q

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

A

mitosis

25
Q

Mitosis produces two _______cells, which are identical to the parents

A

diploid

26
Q

Meiosis produces 4 _________ cells, which contain some characteristics of the parent cell but are not identical

A

Haploid

27
Q

When sperm enters the ova

A

fertilization

28
Q

Each gamete contains _____ chromosomes

A

23

29
Q

When the two gametes fuse they form

A

zygote

30
Q

The zygote has ____ chromosomes

A

46

31
Q

The zygote then divides by

A

mitosis

32
Q

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction (List 3)

A
  1. leads to genetic variation and allows adaptation
  2. Organism is more protected, may not get the weakness of the parent
  3. Removes bad genes from the population
33
Q

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction (List 4)

A
  1. Organism must find a mate
  2. Takes longer time
  3. can prevent favorable genes from being passed down
  4. produces fewer offspring
34
Q

What are some examples of plants that can reproduce both sexually and asexually?

A

fungi, strawberries, daffodils, starlet sea anemone, jellyfish, sponges

35
Q

A change that occurs in the DNA sequence that causes a change in the organisms appearance, behavior, or function

A

Mutation

36
Q

What are some examples of harmful mutations? (List 3 of 7)

A

Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, albinism, downs syndrome, wingless fruit fly, hemophilia, dwarfism

37
Q

A mutation of the gene that helps make hemoglobin (carries oxygen to red blood cells)

A

sickle cell anemia

38
Q
A

Science Grade 7 (9 decks)

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