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Unit 8 > Sexual Activity > Flashcards

Sexual Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What is important to remember about sexual behvaiour when discussing with patients?

A

Sensitive subject
May different views and opinions
High degree of diversity in what is considered as sexual behaviour - so do not assume clarify

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2
Q

What are the different approaches when considering sexual behaviour?

A

Physical - arousal and ejaculation
Social and cultural
Psychological
Relationships (intrapersonal)

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3
Q

What makes up the sexual trichotomy?

A

Sexual identity - how we self-identify or identify in public
Sexual orientation - who we are attracted to
Sexual behaviour - the sexual contacts we have

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4
Q

What is the sexual self concept?

A

All the ideas, thoughts and feelings a person has about themselves as sexual persons.

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5
Q

What five factors contribute to the sexual self concept?

A

Sexual self-esteem
lack of anxiety
Exploration
Arousal
Sexual self efficacy

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6
Q

What contributes to sexual self esteem?

A

Sexual behavior
Sexual conduct
Sexual attractiveness

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7
Q

What contributes to sexual self efficacy?

A

Assertiveness (be respected by partner)
Precautions (safe sex)

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8
Q

What is meant by sexual conduct?

A

Believing one can be comfortable in a sexual way

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9
Q

What are some of the main influences on sexual behaviour?

A

Biological
Cultural
Parental
religious
Life experiences

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10
Q

How does the biological approach explain why some people may have more sex than others?

A

Evolutionary opinion on sex - level of sexual activirt depends on sexual selection (mating success), more likley to pass genes onto the next generation (inclusive fitness)

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11
Q

How does the biological approach explain why people may continue to have sex?

A

Creates feeling of satisfaction and love
Triggers release of dopamine, seratonin and oxytocin
Reinforces belief that sexual behaviour is good.

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12
Q

What brain structures are involved in sexual behaviour?

A

Thalamus - relays erotic stimuli
Reward system - motivation
Hypothalamus - automatic events of sexual arousal and mate choice
Amygdala - emotional meaning to sexual activity, sexual drive
The septal regions, prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and insula are also involved in sex drive.

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13
Q

What neurotransmitters have a role in sexual behaviour?
Seratonin, dopmamine

A

Seratonin - centrally inhibits erection and sexual interest, peripherally can control vasodilation/constriction of smooth muscle.
Dopamine - effect is level dependent, low = inhibitory, medium = erection high = ejaculation

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14
Q

What is the effect of acetylcholine and noradrenaline on sexual behaviour?

A

Cause erection, reduces sexual exhaustion

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15
Q

What is the effect of histamine on sexual behaviour?

A

Peripheral - stimulates erection
Central - modulates sexual behaviour and libido

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16
Q

What is the effect of opiods on sexual behaviour?

A

Decrease libido, decreased LH and testosterone, erectile dysfunction and inability to orgasm.

17
Q

What is the role of sex hormones in sexual behaviour?

A

Androgen - stimulate and maintain male sexual behaviour
Estradiol - behavioural development of male mammals
Prolactin - reward after sex, however too high levels can decrease libido

18
Q

What life experiences can affect sexual behaviour?

A

Age
Education
Exposure to abuse
Partner choice and previous expereince
Illness

19
Q

What cultural influences can affect sexual behaviour?

A

Cultural norms
Media
Sex roles
Preferences in partner
Economic cost e.g contraceptives, child care
Technology e.g tinder and social media influences

20
Q

What are the religious influences on sexual behaviour?

A

Ideas on masturbation,
Marriage
Contraception (abortion)
Celibabcy and virginity

21
Q

What parental factors can influence sexual behaviour?

A

Quality of relationships
Sex roles in family
Generational opinions and changes
Education
Abuse

22
Q

In a biological argument how is the size of gametes meant to influences sexual behaviour? reductionist idea

A

Females - larger gamater, more work in sexual reproduction (pregnancy, ovulation, etc), therefore most costly to engage in sexual behaviour so less likely
Males - smaller gamete, only ejaculation required to reporduce, less costly, so more likley to engage in sexual behaviour

23
Q

What factors are thought to encourage risky sexual behaviour?

A

Fast life history (impulsive)
Personality - behaviour controls, thrill seeking
Lack of education/skill e.g using condoms
Self esteem
Availabitly of resources
Peer pressure

24
Q

What are some common risk factors for unplanned pregnancy and STIs?

A

Economic deprivation
Family history of problem behaviour
Poor parental relationship or abuse
Lack of school connectedness
Alcohol or substance misuse

25
Q

What sexual behaviour can increase the risk of STIs?

A

Early onset sexual activity
High number of sexual partners
High rate of partner change
Unprotected sex (anal>vaginal>oral)

26
Q

How is alcohol linked to sexual behaviour?

A

Reduces inhibitions
More vulnerable to abuse
Increases confidence
Forget about safe sex practises

27
Q

How does drug taking influence sexual behaviour?

A

More likley to have multiple partners
More sexual risks
higher levels of expoitation
Altered ejaculatory latency and erectile dysfunction

Due to effects on prefrontal cortex and amygdala

28
Q

How have patterns in sex changed over time?

A

Mean frequency of sex is decreasing
Mean number of sexual partners is increasing (larger increase for women but still lower than in men)
More people in the population have had a sam sex experience (greater increase for women)

29
Q

How have the levels of STIs diagnosis changed over time?

A

Relatively constant (large decrease during COVID-19)
herpes, warts and syphillis have decreased in men
Gonorrhea has increased (but is currently decreasing)
In women levels of ‘above’ are decreasing.

30
Q

How does the distribution of STIs vary?

A

More common in younger age groups, particularly 20 to 24yrs
Chlamidiya is the most common, but gonorrhea makes up the largest propotinon of new diagnosis
Black and caribbean groups tend to have higher rates of STIs.

Unit 8 (22 decks)

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