Sex Steroids

Question 0

COCP ADRs

Answer 0

thromboembolism, MI, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, stroke, mood swings

Question 1

Combined oral contraceptive pill mechanism.

Answer 1

21 days on, 7 days off
Oestrogen and progesterone, can contain anti androgens
Inhibit LH surge
Alter cervical mucus
Alter endometrium
CYP450 metabolism

Question 2

Progesterone only pill mechanism

Answer 2

Thickens and acidifies cervical mucus

Alters endometrium

Question 3

POP ADRs

Answer 3

Weight gain, fluid retention, acne, mood changes.

Question 4

HRT indications

Answer 4

Symptoms of menopause eg hot flushes, sweats
Helpful against osteoporosis
Not for CHD risk

Question 5

HRT formulations

Answer 5

Usually progesterone and oestrogen combined

Oestrogen only can be given after hysterectomy

Question 6

HRT ADRs

Answer 6

Endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer
Venous thromboembolism
Uterine bleeding

Question 7

HRT mode of administration

Answer 7

Oral, transdermal, implant, transvaginal, ring

Question 8

Tamoxifen

Answer 8

Anti oestrogen

Used in breast cancer

Question 9

Cyproterone

Answer 9

Anti androgen

Used in some COCPs

Question 10

Selective oestrogen reuptake modulators (SERMs)

Answer 10

Protect against osteoporosis
Don’t increase risk of breast cancer
Increase hot flushes

Question 11

Raloxifine

Answer 11

SERM

Question 12

Levonorgestrel

Answer 12

Emergency contraception

Give within 72 hours

Question 13

Clomiphene

Answer 13

Oestrogen antagonist

Induces ovulation by preventing negative feedback at the pituitary