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Pharmacology > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

0
Q

Polyenes

A

Antifungals
Aspergillus
Candida

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1
Q

Azoles

A

Antifungals
Target cell membrane synthesis
Yeast

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2
Q

Chloroquine

Primaquine

A

Anti malarials active against strains other than falciparum

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3
Q

Quinine

Artemisinin

A

Antimalarials used in falciparum strains

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4
Q

Antimicrobial classes targeting DNA synthesis

A

Quinolones

Folic acid antagonists

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5
Q

Quinolone mechanism

A

Inhibition of topoisomerase II

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6
Q

Ciprofloxacin class

A

Quinolone

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7
Q

Ciprofloxacin DDIs

A

CYP450 inhibitor

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8
Q

Trimethoprim class

A

Folic acid antagonist

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9
Q

Trimethoprim use

A

UTI

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10
Q

Metronidazole class

A

Folic acid inhibitor

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11
Q

Metronidazole spectrum of action

A

Anaerobic bacteria
Amoebae
Giarda
Trichomonas

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12
Q

Sulfonamides DDIs

A

CYP450 inhibitor

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides mechanism

A

Bind to 30s ribosome

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14
Q

Gentamicin class

A

Aminoglycoside

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15
Q

Amino glycosides spectrum of activity

A

Gram negatives

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16
Q

Amino glycosides DDIs

A

Hypocalcaemia with bisphosphanates

Cardiac glycosides

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17
Q

Amino glycosides ADRs

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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18
Q

Macrolides mechanism

A

Prevent peptidyltransferase action

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19
Q

Classes targeting protein synthesis

A

Amino glycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Rifampin

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20
Q

Erythromycin class

A

Macrolides

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21
Q

Macrolides spectrum of activity

A

Mild gram positive infections

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22
Q

Tetracycline mechanism

A

Block A site of 30s ribosome

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23
Q

Tetracycline class

A

Polyketide

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24
Q

Tetracycline DDIs

A

Hypoglycaemia with sulfonylureas

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25
Q

Tetracycline ADRs

A 
Liver
Renal 
C. diff
Dental 
GI
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26
Q

Classes targeting cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

27
Q

Sub classes of beta lactams

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

28
Q

Beta lactam mechanism

A

Inhibit cross linking of cell wall, causing cell lysis

29
Q

Penicillin spectrum

A

Streptococci

Very good for syphillis

30
Q

Amoxicillin spectrum

A

Streptococci

Gram negatives

31
Q

Co amoxiclav

A

Amoxicillin with beta lactamase inhibitor

Activity as amoxicillin but also anaerobes.

32
Q

Flocoxacillin spectrum

A

Staphylococci

Streptococci

33
Q

Cephalosporin spectrum

A

Broad spectrum but no anaerobes

34
Q

Ceftriaxone use

A

Meningitis as crosses BBB

35
Q

Carbapenems spectrum

A

Very broad

36
Q

Penicillin ADRs

A 
Hypersensitivity
Hepatotoxicity 
CNS toxicity
Electrolyte disturbance 
C diff.
37
Q

Penicillin DDIs

A

Rash with allopurinol.

38
Q

Cephalosporin ADRs

A

Hepatotoxicity
Hypersensitivity
C diff

39
Q

Carbapenem ADRs

A

CNS toxicity
Hypersensitivity (but safe in penicillin allergy)
C diff

40
Q

Carbapenem DDIs

A

Gancyclovir

Anti epileptics

41
Q

Glycopeptide mechanism

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

42
Q

Vancomycin class

A

Glycopeptide

43
Q

Vancomycin spectrum

A

Most gram positives

Give IV.

44
Q

Glycopeptide ADRs

A

Bone marrow
Hypersensitivity
Nephrotoxic
Ototoxicity

45
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitor mechanism

A

Inhibit virus release

46
Q

Zanamovir and oseltamivir class

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

47
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitor ADRs

A

Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Epistaxis
Headache

48
Q

M2 channel inhibitor mechanism

A

Inhibit viral uncoating

Physically blocks ion channels (requires H+ mediated fall in pH)

49
Q

Amantidine and rimantidine class

A

M2 channel inhibitors

50
Q

M2 channel inhibitors spectrum

A

Influenza A

51
Q

M2 channel inhibitors ADRs

A

CNS-confusion, insomnia
Renal
Hypotension

52
Q

Aciclovir mechanism

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

53
Q

Rifampicin mechanism

A

Blocks RNA polymerase

54
Q

Rifampicin DDIs

A

CYP450 inducer

55
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside

56
Q

Nystatin

A

Polyenes
Topical use only, toxic systemically
Good for candida

57
Q

Amphotericin

A

Polyene

Can be given IV for systemic infections

58
Q

Isoniazid

A

TB drug
Prodrug
Metabolite prevents synthesis of mycolic acid required for mycobacterial cell wall.

59
Q

Isoniazid ADRs

A 
Rash
Abnormal LFTs
Hepatitis
Sideroblastic anaemia 
Metabolic acidosis 
Peripheral neuropathy 
(Vit B6 depletion)
CNS effects
60
Q

Isoniazid DDIs

A

Increased phenytoin or disulfiram

Reduces CYP450

61
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

TB drug

Crosses BBB so can be used in tuberculous meningitis

62
Q

Pyrazinamide ADRs

A

Arthralgia
Gout
Hepatotoxicity

63
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB drug

Prevents formation of cell wall

64
Q

Ethambutol ADRs

A 
Optic neuritis
Red-green colour blindness
Peripheral neuropathy
Arthralgia 
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperuricaemia 
Vertical nystagmus
65
Q

Rifampicin ADRs

A 
Hepatotoxicity
Breathlessness
Rash
Abdominal 
Flu like symptoms
66
Q

Rifampicin DDIs

A

CYP450 inducer

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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