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DOCs/Indications > Sex hormones, DM > Flashcards

Sex hormones, DM Flashcards

1
Q

Decreases plasma potassium

A

insulin

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2
Q

BPH

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

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3
Q

Major edema, contraindicated in CHF

A

Thiazolidnediones

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4
Q

DOC to induce labor at term

A

oxytocin

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5
Q

Use 7-10 days before thyroid surgery to decreased likelihood of thyroid storm

A

Iodine

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6
Q

May increase beta cell number and function

A

GLP-1 agonists

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7
Q

Most commonly prescribed oral glucocorticoid

A

Prednisone

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8
Q

4 things that cause uterine contractions

A

Estrogen
Prostaglandins
Oxytocin
Stretching

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9
Q

Use if the patient has a sulfa allergy in place of a sulfonylurea

A

Meglitinides

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10
Q

Can’t be used in combination due to similar MOAs

A

Sulfonylureas

Meglitinides

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11
Q

Addison’s disease

A

adrenal insufficiency: glucocorticoid +/- mineralocorticoid

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12
Q

Lupus

A

glucocorticoids

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13
Q

2nd line postpartum hemorrhage/1st line drug

A

Ergot alkaloids

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14
Q

Allergic reactions

A

glucocorticoids

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15
Q

DOC for estrogen dependent breast cancer in PREmenopausal women

A

Tamoxifen

estrogen antagonist in breast tissue

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16
Q

insulin independent decrease in glucose levels: can use if no functioning beta cells

A

Metformin

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17
Q

ONLY diabetic oral agent that can also be used to treat T1DM

A

Amylin

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18
Q

4 things that cause uterine relaxation

A

Beta agonists
Progesterone
Alcohol
MgSO4

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19
Q

Can be used off label for T1DM

A

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

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20
Q

Shock (esp anaphylactic)

A

glucocorticoids

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21
Q

Similar to tamoxifen and increases HDL

A

Toremifene

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22
Q

Prophylaxis for breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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23
Q

2nd line for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women if disease progressed during Tamoxifen therapy

A

Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor)

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24
Q

Hypoaldosteronism/adrenal insufficiency refractory to glucocorticoids alone

A

Fludrocortisone: for salt and water retention

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25
Q

If a premenopausal women is refractory to Tamoxifen

A

Perform radioablation of ovaries, then use Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor)

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26
Q

Adverse effect: lactic acidosis

A

metformin

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27
Q

PMS

A

Spironolactone?

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28
Q

Can only be given as an adjunct to insulin therapy

A

Amylin

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29
Q

Most damaging and therapeutically limiting effect of glucocorticoids

A

Osteoporosis

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30
Q

To hasten fetal lung development if a baby is going to be born prematurely (before 37 weeks)

A

cortisol

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31
Q

Delay carbohydrate digestion/absorption: weight loss

A

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

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32
Q

oral contraceptive best for adolescents whose epiphyseal plate is still open

A

mini pill

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33
Q

Short term use while cause of Cushing’s is being discovered

A

Metyrapone: ~selective~ inhibitor of enzyme in cortisol synthesis

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34
Q

Treat endometriosis

A

Danazol

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35
Q

DOC for Grave’s

A

Methimazole

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36
Q

Give for 9-12 days during the follicular phase in IVF to stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen

A

hMG (FSH actions)

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37
Q

FDA approved to prevent convulsions in preeclampsia/ treat eclampsia

A

MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)

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38
Q

Expulsion of uterine contents due to fetal death, miscarriage, abortion

A

Dinoprostone suppository inserted into vaginal every 3-5 hours

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39
Q

FDA approved to prevent premature labor

A

none of the tocolytic drugs

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40
Q

Male pattern baldness

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

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41
Q

Lowering LDL and total cholesterol in postmenopausal women

A

Raloxifene (E agonist in liver)

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42
Q

A patient needs glucocorticoids but has liver failure

A

Give hydrocortisone or prednisolone, don’t have to be converted to active form by liver

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43
Q

Hirsutism, PMS

A

Spironolactone

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44
Q

Use when estrogen in contraindicated

A

Progestins

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45
Q

Initial treatment of hyperthyroidism while waiting for meds to take full effect/surgery

A

Propranolol

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46
Q

Myxedema coma DOC

A

Inject T3

Corticosteroids

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47
Q

Hypoparathyroidism DOC

A

rhPTH

48
Q

Require some remaining beta cell function to have an effect

A

GLP-1 agonists
DDP-4 inhibitors
Sulfonylureas Meglitinides

49
Q

Combination therapy with standard uterotonic therapy for postpartum hemorrhage

A

Tranexamic acid

50
Q

Historically used when nothing else is available to prevent premature labor

A

Ethanol

51
Q

Initial therapy for hypothyroidism

A

Lithyronine sodium (T3)

52
Q

3rd line postpartum hemorrhage/2nd line drug

A

Carboprost tromethamine (prostaglandin)

53
Q

DOC infertility treatment for women with intact HPG axis

A

Clompiphene

estrogen antagonist only at the hypothalamus inhibits negative feedback of E on GnRH, causing increased FSH and LH

54
Q

DOC for toxic nodular goiter

A

Radioactive iodine I-131 is specific for destruction of hyperactive nodules, returns patient to euthyroid state

55
Q

1st line postpartum hemorrhage

A

Uterine massage

56
Q

Osteoporosis in men

A

Teriparatide/abaloparatide

also works for postmenopausal women but not DOC

57
Q

DOC for post-menopausal osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

58
Q

To produce contractions following a suction abortion

A

Ergot alkaloids

59
Q

Pregnancy termination

A

Mifepristone

60
Q

Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

Raloxifene (E agonist in bone)

61
Q

Specifically target insulin resistance, insulin sensitizers

A

Thiazolidnediones

62
Q

Insulinoma

A

Diazoxide inhibits insulin secretion + other effects

63
Q

Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in hormone replacement therapy

A

Progestins

64
Q

Hirsutism

A

spironolactone: androgen receptor antagonist

65
Q

Sex steroid dependent cancers

A

GnRH suppression:

antagonists or long-acting agonists

66
Q

Inoperable Cushing’s

A

Mifepristone: antagonist of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors

67
Q

Cervical ripening prior to delivery at term

A

Dinoprostone gel applied to the cervix

68
Q

Give a single dose to induce ovulation in IVF at the end of the follicular phase

A

hCG (same actions as LH)

69
Q

hypothyroidism DOC

A

Levothyroxine (T4)

70
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists

A

activate insulin release

71
Q

Co-secreted with insulin

A

Amylin

72
Q

DOC for breast cancer in POSTmenopausal women

A

Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor)

73
Q

Inoperable primary adrenal carcionoma

A

Mitolane: adrenocrotioclytic: causes atrophy

74
Q

Contraindicated for cancer treatment in premenopausal women

A

Exemestane (irreversible aromatase inhibitor, doesn’t inhibit estrogen sufficienctly)

75
Q

Suppression test for glucocorticoid excess diagnosis

A

Dexamethasone

76
Q

Beta blocker overdose

A

Glucagon

Beta blockers decrease cAMP as a second messenger
Glucagon→ increased cAMP→ reversal

77
Q

Prevent implantation within 72 hours (Plan-B alternative)

A

Mifepristone

78
Q

High dose levonorgestrel to prevent implantation after intercourse

A

Plan-B

79
Q

Uterine rupture DOC

A

nitroglycerin

80
Q

Black box warning for thyroid cancer

A

GLP-1 agonists

81
Q

Rheumatoid arthritits

A

glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation/pain and restore function

82
Q

best birth control if breast feeding

A

mini-pill

83
Q

Always indicated in osteoporosis

A

Calcium + Vitamin D in conjunction with other treatment

84
Q

Addison’s disease + stress/trauma/surgery

A

increase dose of glucocorticoids

85
Q

GLP-1 agonist which reduces macrovascular events

A

Liraglutide

86
Q

DOC for T2DM initial oral tx if A1c<10%

A

Metformin (glucophage)

87
Q

Milk let down DOC

A

oxytocin on a cotton pledget nasally

88
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) + long acting GnRH agonist

89
Q

becoming the first line agent for premature labor, replacing beta 2 agonists

A

nifedipine

90
Q

Asthma

A

inhaled glucocorticoids + B2 agonist

91
Q

Black box warning now, but once used to prevent premature labor

A

B2 agonists: terbutaline, ritodrine

92
Q

Reverse infertility

A

LH + FSH

93
Q

Rhinitis

A

intranasal glucocorticoids

94
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

95
Q

Precocious puberty in males

A

spironolactone: androgen receptor antagonist

96
Q

Drugs for prediabetes: reduce development of T2DM

A

Metformin

Thiazolidnediones (less effective)

97
Q

Corticosteroid excess+ pregnancy

A

Metyrapone: ~selective~ inhibitor of enzyme in cortisol synthesis

98
Q

Tamoxifen resistant breast cancer

A

Fulvestrant

99
Q

NSAID for prevention premature labor

A

Indomethacin

100
Q

Testicular deficiency

A

testosterone or methyltestosterone

101
Q

Drugs with highest risk of hypoglycemia

A

Insulin

Sulfonylureas

102
Q

Hypoproteinemia of nephrosis treatment

A

testosterone or methyltestosterone

103
Q

Adverse effect: acute pancreatitits

A

GLP-1 agonists

DDP-4 inhibitors

104
Q

Can increase likelihood of UTIs/GU infection

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors increase glucose in urine

105
Q

first line for premature labor

A

MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)

106
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) + long acting GnRH agonist

107
Q

birth control if you want “bioidentical” hormones for some reason

A

Dienogest/estradiol valerate

Estradiol valerate produces E2 in vivo

108
Q

Induce abortion in the second trimester (13-20 weeks)

A

Carboprost tromethane

109
Q

Precocious puberty DOC

A

GnRH suppression:

antagonists or long-acting agonists

110
Q

Organ transplants

A

glucocorticoids

111
Q

Preoperative suppression of corticosteroid synthesis

A

High dose ketoconazole

112
Q

Use if radioactive iodine emergencies

A

Iodine to outcompete

113
Q

mitochondrial enzyme inhibition causing decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver

A

Metformin

114
Q

High dose ethinyl estradiol to prevent implantation after intercourse

A

Preven

115
Q

DOC for Grave’s+pregnant

A

Propylthiouracil

116
Q

Give during follicular phase of IVF to inhibit endogenous LH and FSH production

A

GnRH suppression:
antagonists (4-5 days)
-or-
long-acting agonists (3 weeks)

DOCs/Indications (7 decks)

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