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DOCs/Indications > Clinical Correlates > Flashcards

Clinical Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

1st line for allergic rhinitis

A

Nasal steroids

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2
Q

1st line for HTN in a patient with CKD (regardless of race or diabetes)

A

ACE-I or ARB

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3
Q

DOCs for black patients with HTN

A

HCTZ, CCB

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4
Q

DOCs for non-black patients with HTN

A

ACE-I, beta blocker

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5
Q

1st line for HTN only if concomitant BPH

A

Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists

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6
Q

1st line for Stage A COPD

A

Short-acting bronchodilator (SABA prn, SAMA, or combo)

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7
Q

1st line for Stage B COPD

A

Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA or LAMA)

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8
Q

1st line for Stage C COPD

A

Long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA)

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9
Q

1st line for Stage D COPD

A

Combination LABA + LAMA

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10
Q

Pain control for end stage renal disease

A

Fentanyl (patch or parenteral)

Methadone

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11
Q

DOC for DM, CKD, HFrEF (Cardiac lecture, for HTN or STEMI)

A

ACE Inhibitors

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12
Q

Step 1 asthma control

A

SABA PRN

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13
Q

Step 2 asthma DOC

A

low dose inhaled glucocorticoids

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14
Q

DOC for UNcomplicated acute exacerbation of COPD

A

Macrolide: azithromycin or clarithromycin

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15
Q

DOC for complicated acute exacerbation of COPD

A

Fluoroquinolone: moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
levofloxacin

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16
Q

Exercise induced bronchospasm

A

Montelukast

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17
Q

Off label use for uticaria

A

Montelukast

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18
Q

Only approved to treat depression

A

Citalopram (celexa)
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
Mirtazapine (Remeron)

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19
Q

Only approved for GAD

A

Escitalopram (lexapro)

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20
Q

Opioid induced constipation

A

Methylnaltrexone

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21
Q

weaker diuretics, more often used for HTN or as adjunct to strengthen loop

A

Thiazide diuretics

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22
Q

DOC for moving large volumes of fluid (edema, HTN)

A

Loop diuretics

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23
Q

Overall weak diuretic effect, used in combination with other diuretics, may eliminate need for K+ supplementation

A

Aldosterone Antagonists

K+ sparing diuretics

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24
Q

The only inotrope used to treat HF

A

Digoxin

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25
Q

SAD

A

Buproprion (wellbutrin)

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26
Q

Smoking cessation

A

Zyban (buproprion)

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27
Q

Elderly patients to help with depression, sleep, and/or appetite/ weight

A

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

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28
Q

Useful adjunct to H1 blockers for urticaria

A

H2 blockers

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29
Q

Antihistamines you can give to a transportation driver

A

Loratadine (Claritin)

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

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30
Q

allergies + BPH

A

2nd generation antihistamine (no anticholinergic effects=no urinary retention)

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31
Q

Scabies

A

Permethrin cream (Elimite) 5%

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32
Q

Chronic autoimmune urticaria

A

Responds well to a non-sedating antihistamine

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33
Q

Poison Ivy

A

Triamcinolone (Kenalog) steroid cream
+
2nd gen antihistamine

34
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Benadryl + Epi + IM/IV glucocorticoid (Decadron (dexamethasone)

+epi pen long term

35
Q

Appendicitis

A

Morphine .05/.1 mg/kg q2-4 hours
+
Antiemetics

36
Q

T1DM + 2nd degree burns on hands

A

Give opioids and transfer to burn center

37
Q

Compression fracture

A

<5 days of short acting opioid medications

38
Q

Acute exacerbation of HF

A

Loop diuretics

39
Q

Decrease preload AND afterload

A

ACE inhibitors

ARBs

40
Q

Mild to moderate HFrEF with symptoms of low energy

A

Digoxin

if on BB, could also choose to reduce that dose 1st

41
Q

Prinzmetal (vasospastic) angina

A

CCB

42
Q

Pregnancy + refractory HTN

A

Methyldopa

43
Q

Prophylaxis to prevent an anginal attack

A

Nitroglycerin spray/sublingual

44
Q

Bronchospasm or acute asthma exacerbation

A

small volume nebulizer (SVN) with short-acting beta agonist

+/- oral glucocorticoid

45
Q

Bronchodilator + Anti-inflammatory, Purpose = Control COPD

A

Long Acting B2 Agonist + Inhaled corticosteroid

46
Q

Managing AKI

A

fluid resuscitation (NS)
monitor I+Os
monitor potassium

47
Q

Complicated (renal issues) pneumonia

A

respiratory fluoroquinolone
OR
beta lactam plus macrolide

48
Q

pain associated with diabetic neuropathy
Or
fibromyalgia

A

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

49
Q

GERD

A

H2 blocker

50
Q

Reflux esophagitis

A

PPI

51
Q

Quadruple therapy for an ulcer

A

PPI
Bismuth
Metronidazole
Tetracycline

52
Q

Preventing NSAID induced ulcers

A

Misoprostol

53
Q

Antispasmodic medication helpful in the treatment of IBS

A

Dicyclomine

54
Q

IBS psychosocial component and relief of abdominal pain

A

Amitriptyline

55
Q

IBS-D

A

Eluxadoline

56
Q

C difficile

A

Vancomycin or Metronidazole

57
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Flagyl + Cipro

Follow up colonoscopy 6-8 weeks

58
Q

Acute flair of IBD

A

short burst of Corticosteroids in tapering doses to induce remission

59
Q

IBD maintanence therapy

A

Mesalamine (Lialda)

60
Q

Abx for perianal crohn’s disease

A

Cipro + Flagyl

61
Q

Outpatient CAP

A

oral macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin erythromycin) or doxycycline

62
Q

Inpatient CAP

A

oral macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin erythromycin) or doxycycline

PLUS

Add a β‐lactam (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, high‐dose ampicillin)

+/- quinolone for antistreptococcal: Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin

63
Q

CAP with known pathogen: Strep pneumo

A

High dose PCN

64
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A

Bactrim (TMP-SMX) if no E coli resistance or Nitrofurantoin

65
Q

Complicated UTI: DM

A

Ciprofloxacin (effective against P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae)

66
Q

PID, unknown pathogen

A

Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime IM x1 + Oral Doxycycline

67
Q

Uncomplicated chlamydia PID

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

68
Q

Gonorrhea PID

A

Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin

69
Q

Gonorrhea PID + pregnancy

A

Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin

same as before

70
Q

Chlamydia PID + pregnancy

A

Azithromycin (alternatives if cannot tolerate azithro→ erythromycin or amoxicillin)

NO tetracyclines

71
Q

Preferred abx in pregnancy

A

PCNs and cephalosporins

72
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)

+/- Vancomycin for PCN resistant strep pneumo

73
Q

Inpatient cellulitis

A

Choose one:

Vancomycin

daptomycin

oxazolidinone (linezolid, tedizolid)

74
Q

Poison Ivy that doesn’t improve

A

Oral steroid taper

75
Q

PCN allergy rash

A

Zyrtec, +/- IM steroids or antihistamin +/- taper oral steroids

If refractory→ adjunct tx H2 blockers→ Ranitidine, Famotidine

76
Q

Bilateral lower paralumbar muscles, spasm, decreased flexion

A

No opioids or muscle relaxants

Give all the adjunct therapies

77
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Cymbalta
TENS Unit

78
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Cymbalta

79
Q

Most effective for decreasing nocturnal acid formation

A

H2 blockers

80
Q

Outpatient cellulitis

A

Bactrim + tetracycline + clindamycin

DOCs/Indications (7 decks)

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