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Clinical Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

1st line for allergic rhinitis

A

Nasal steroids

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2
Q

1st line for HTN in a patient with CKD (regardless of race or diabetes)

A

ACE-I or ARB

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3
Q

DOCs for black patients with HTN

A

HCTZ, CCB

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4
Q

DOCs for non-black patients with HTN

A

ACE-I, beta blocker

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5
Q

1st line for HTN only if concomitant BPH

A

Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists

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6
Q

1st line for Stage A COPD

A

Short-acting bronchodilator (SABA prn, SAMA, or combo)

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7
Q

1st line for Stage B COPD

A

Long-acting bronchodilator (LABA or LAMA)

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8
Q

1st line for Stage C COPD

A

Long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA)

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9
Q

1st line for Stage D COPD

A

Combination LABA + LAMA

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10
Q

Pain control for end stage renal disease

A

Fentanyl (patch or parenteral)

Methadone

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11
Q

DOC for DM, CKD, HFrEF (Cardiac lecture, for HTN or STEMI)

A

ACE Inhibitors

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12
Q

Step 1 asthma control

A

SABA PRN

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13
Q

Step 2 asthma DOC

A

low dose inhaled glucocorticoids

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14
Q

DOC for UNcomplicated acute exacerbation of COPD

A

Macrolide: azithromycin or clarithromycin

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15
Q

DOC for complicated acute exacerbation of COPD

A

Fluoroquinolone: moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
levofloxacin

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16
Q

Exercise induced bronchospasm

A

Montelukast

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17
Q

Off label use for uticaria

A

Montelukast

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18
Q

Only approved to treat depression

A

Citalopram (celexa)
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
Mirtazapine (Remeron)

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19
Q

Only approved for GAD

A

Escitalopram (lexapro)

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20
Q

Opioid induced constipation

A

Methylnaltrexone

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21
Q

weaker diuretics, more often used for HTN or as adjunct to strengthen loop

A

Thiazide diuretics

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22
Q

DOC for moving large volumes of fluid (edema, HTN)

A

Loop diuretics

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23
Q

Overall weak diuretic effect, used in combination with other diuretics, may eliminate need for K+ supplementation

A

Aldosterone Antagonists

K+ sparing diuretics

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24
Q

The only inotrope used to treat HF

A

Digoxin

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25
SAD
Buproprion (wellbutrin)
26
Smoking cessation
Zyban (buproprion)
27
Elderly patients to help with depression, sleep, and/or appetite/ weight
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
28
Useful adjunct to H1 blockers for urticaria
H2 blockers
29
Antihistamines you can give to a transportation driver
Loratadine (Claritin) | Fexofenadine (Allegra)
30
allergies + BPH
2nd generation antihistamine (no anticholinergic effects=no urinary retention)
31
Scabies
Permethrin cream (Elimite) 5%
32
Chronic autoimmune urticaria
Responds well to a non-sedating antihistamine
33
Poison Ivy
Triamcinolone (Kenalog) steroid cream + 2nd gen antihistamine
34
Anaphylaxis
Benadryl + Epi + IM/IV glucocorticoid (Decadron (dexamethasone) +epi pen long term
35
Appendicitis
Morphine .05/.1 mg/kg q2-4 hours + Antiemetics
36
T1DM + 2nd degree burns on hands
Give opioids and transfer to burn center
37
Compression fracture
<5 days of short acting opioid medications
38
Acute exacerbation of HF
Loop diuretics
39
Decrease preload AND afterload
ACE inhibitors | ARBs
40
Mild to moderate HFrEF with symptoms of low energy
Digoxin | if on BB, could also choose to reduce that dose 1st
41
Prinzmetal (vasospastic) angina
CCB
42
Pregnancy + refractory HTN
Methyldopa
43
Prophylaxis to prevent an anginal attack
Nitroglycerin spray/sublingual
44
Bronchospasm or acute asthma exacerbation
small volume nebulizer (SVN) with short-acting beta agonist | +/- oral glucocorticoid
45
Bronchodilator + Anti-inflammatory, Purpose = Control COPD
Long Acting B2 Agonist + Inhaled corticosteroid
46
Managing AKI
fluid resuscitation (NS) monitor I+Os monitor potassium
47
Complicated (renal issues) pneumonia
respiratory fluoroquinolone OR beta lactam plus macrolide
48
pain associated with diabetic neuropathy Or fibromyalgia
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
49
GERD
H2 blocker
50
Reflux esophagitis
PPI
51
Quadruple therapy for an ulcer
PPI Bismuth Metronidazole Tetracycline
52
Preventing NSAID induced ulcers
Misoprostol
53
Antispasmodic medication helpful in the treatment of IBS
Dicyclomine
54
IBS psychosocial component and relief of abdominal pain
Amitriptyline
55
IBS-D
Eluxadoline
56
C difficile
Vancomycin or Metronidazole
57
Diverticulitis
Flagyl + Cipro Follow up colonoscopy 6-8 weeks
58
Acute flair of IBD
short burst of Corticosteroids in tapering doses to induce remission
59
IBD maintanence therapy
Mesalamine (Lialda)
60
Abx for perianal crohn's disease
Cipro + Flagyl
61
Outpatient CAP
oral macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin erythromycin) or doxycycline
62
Inpatient CAP
oral macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin erythromycin) or doxycycline PLUS Add a β‐lactam (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, high‐dose ampicillin) +/- quinolone for antistreptococcal: Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin
63
CAP with known pathogen: Strep pneumo
High dose PCN
64
Uncomplicated UTI
Bactrim (TMP-SMX) if no E coli resistance or Nitrofurantoin
65
Complicated UTI: DM
Ciprofloxacin (effective against P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae)
66
PID, unknown pathogen
Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime IM x1 + Oral Doxycycline
67
Uncomplicated chlamydia PID
Doxycycline or azithromycin
68
Gonorrhea PID
Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin
69
Gonorrhea PID + pregnancy
Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin | same as before
70
Chlamydia PID + pregnancy
Azithromycin (alternatives if cannot tolerate azithro→ erythromycin or amoxicillin) NO tetracyclines
71
Preferred abx in pregnancy
PCNs and cephalosporins
72
Bacterial Meningitis
3rd generation Cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) +/- Vancomycin for PCN resistant strep pneumo
73
Inpatient cellulitis
# Choose one: Vancomycin daptomycin oxazolidinone (linezolid, tedizolid)
74
Poison Ivy that doesn't improve
Oral steroid taper
75
PCN allergy rash
Zyrtec, +/- IM steroids or antihistamin +/- taper oral steroids If refractory→ adjunct tx H2 blockers→ Ranitidine, Famotidine
76
Bilateral lower paralumbar muscles, spasm, decreased flexion
No opioids or muscle relaxants | Give all the adjunct therapies
77
Diabetic neuropathy
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Pregabalin (Lyrica) Cymbalta TENS Unit
78
Fibromyalgia
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Pregabalin (Lyrica) Cymbalta
79
Most effective for decreasing nocturnal acid formation
H2 blockers
80
Outpatient cellulitis
Bactrim + tetracycline + clindamycin

DOCs/Indications (7 decks)

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