Opioids, Anticonvulsants, Psych meds Flashcards
Local anesthetic largely limited to dentistry
Prilocaine (amide)
At clinical doses, vasoconstricts.
Use: Peripheral and epidural blocks
Ropivacaine
Opioid good for longer surgeries because of its cardiovascular profile
Fentanyl
Use: ADHD (stimulant)
Amphetamines
Would also work for methanol poisoning by competing for metabolism
Ethanol
Use: Autism
Buspirone
Opioid which is a cough suppressant at much lower doses than analgesia
Codeine
Use: narcolepsy
Amphetamines
DOC Methanol poisoning that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole
May slow progression of the Alzheimer’s and delay transition from mild cognitive impairment to AD
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Short acting barbiturate for induction of anesthesia
Thiopental
DOC: refractory to lithium bipolar
Valproic acid
First line drug psychosis
Risperidone
Long acting barbiturate for prevention of seizures
Phenobarbital
Increases L dopa levels in the periphery so lower levels of l dopa can be used
Carbidopa
Use: reduce dental bleeding
Cocaine (ester)
DOC opioid overdose
Naloxone
Treatment if seizures occur during alcohol withdrawal
Lorazepam
Phenytoin (secondary)
Uses:
- absence and general tonic-clonic seizures
- bipolar disorder
- Migraine prophylaxis
Valproic acid
Benzo for acute muscle spams and pain from an injury
Diazepam
Reversal of benzodiazepines in respiratory depression
Flumazenil
Opioid for short surgical procedures with midazolam
Fentanyl
Only effective for parkinson’s for 3-4 years and does not affect progression
L-dopa
Resets sleep wake cycle, promotes sleepiness without GABA effect
Ramelteon
DOC social anxiety
Paroxetine
Use: decrease cravings in alcoholism (antidepressant)
Bupropion
Early/mild parkinsons
Amantadine
Relieves anxiety without producing sedation
Buspirone
Use: refractory complex partial seizures
Vigabatrin
Use: ADHD+Anxiety
Buspirone
Drug of last choice for psychosis due to agranulocytosis
Clozapine
IV benzo for short surgical procedures to produce anterograde amnesia
Midazolam
Use: migraine prevention
Topiramate
Depression associated with bipolar disorder
Lurasidone (atypical antipsychotic)
Hypersomnia drug
Flumazenil
Dopamine system stabilizer for psychosis
Aripiprazole
Good for sleep aid and pain management, but not a good antidepressant and not good for males (priapism)
Trazodone
Form of phenytoin that can be injected IM for status epilepticus
Fosphenytoin
Maintenance treatment of opioid addiction, partial mu agonist
Buprenorphine
Opioid receptor antagonist also used to block reward pathway in alcoholics
Naltrexone
Antidepressant for chronic pain from TMJ or fibromyalgia
TCAs
DOC depression
SSRIs, specifically Citalopram
Mu agonist
Meperidine
Stronger than morphine
Hydromorphine
GABA independent anxiolytics
Ramelteon
Buspirone
Use: neuropathic pain
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Refractory bipolar disorder in combination with lithium
Carbamazepine
Use: PMS
Buspirone
Topical anesthetic of upper respiratory tract mucous membraine
Cocaine (ester)
Use this opioid for patients with renal dysfunction because the metabolites don’t accumulate
Hydromorphine
Regulation of sleep wake cycle, promotes wakefullness
Suvorexant
Use: Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
DOC partial seizures
Carbamazepine
Uses:
Tourette’s
Acute mania
Ziprasidone
Uses: fibromyalgia, post-op pain
Pregabalin
Also used for neuropathic pain and post-menopausal hot flashes
SNRIs
Use: diagnostic nerve blocks
Procaine (ester)
Anticonvulsant that can be used for anxiety
Pregabalin
If your opioid addict is a healthcare professional….
Naltrexone
DOC absence seizures
Ethosuximide
DOC for enuresis
TCAs
Meperidine is weird because
Metabolite normeperidine accumulates→ seizures→ DO not use >48 hours, high doses, or renal failure
Anticholinergic→ tachycardia, pupil dilation (opposite of most opioids)
Anticonvulsant used to decrease craving in recovering alcoholics
Topiramate
Sleeping pills
Z drugs
DOC epidural anesthesia
Lidocaine (amide)
Topical only local anesthetic, OTC
Benzocaine
3 anticonvulsants for bipolar disorder
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Gabapentin (off label)
Sedation for pediatric dental procedures
Choral Hydrate
Use: infiltration anesthesia
Procaine (ester)
Adjunct for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Gabapentin
Rescue of off periods in patients on L-dopa, temporary, must be injected
Apomorphine
dopamine receptor agonist
Partial mu agonists that could precipitate withdrawal if given to chronic opioid users
Pentazocine
Buprenorphine
Can be used in Bulimia and Alcoholism
SSRIs
DOC retrobulbar ophthalmic local anesthesia
Tetracaine (ester)
Antipsychotic to promote sleep onset and maintenance
Quetiapine
1st non-stimulant treatment for ADHD
Atomoxetine
Inverse differential block→ causes motor block before or without sensory block
Etidocaine
DOC depression in the elderly
Sertraline
Control muscle spasms form stroke or neuro injury
Botulinum toxin
Parkinson’s drugs that continue to be effective even as disease progresses, used in combination with L-dopa
Dopamine receptor agonists
Depression which hasn’t responded to other drugs
MAOIs
Modest antiparkinson, improve rigidity and tremor but NOT bradykinesia
Anticholinergics
Not water soluble and must be injected IV for status epilepticus
Phenytoin
DOC for psychosis
Atypical antipsychotic
DOC acute psychosis
(ER setting, drug induced)
Haloperidol
Combined with 10% dextrose to make it hyperbaric for spinal anesthesia
Tetracaine (ester)
DOC restless leg syndrome
Ropinirole
Uses:
- post-op analgesia
- Spinal and epidural anesthesia
- infiltration blocks
Bupivacaine (amide)
Use: Infantile spasm (West’s syndrome)
Vigabatrin
Maintenance treatment of opioid addicts
Methadone
Decreases craving of alcohol by restoring disturbed GABA/glutamate balance to normal
Acamprosate (GABA analogue)
DOC for status epilepticus
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Z drug with a long half life so it is used for long term treatment of insomnia
Eszopiclone
Benzodiazepines for insomnia
Flurazepam
Temazepam
Local anesthetic that’s also an antiarrhythmic
Lidocaine (amide)
Opioid which is a cough suppressant with no analgesia
Dextromethorphan
Use: ADHD (antidepressant)
Bupropion
DOC peripheral blocks
Mepivacaine (amide)
Less preferred MAOI due to serious side effects
Phenelzine
DOC infiltration blocks
Lidocaine (amide)
Opioids used to treat diarrhea (2)
Loperamide
diphenoxylate/atropine
Dangerous drug that will give you a bad hangover with alcohol
Disulfiram
not recommended
Prevention of seizures during alcohol withdrawal
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Opioid with long term control of pain/ hard to treat pain
Methadone
combination of l-dopa/ carbidopa/ entacapone
Stalevo
Opioid with less respiratory depression because its a partial mu agonist
Pentazocine
Adjunct for partial seizures
Tiagabine
DOC OCD
Paroxetine
Improves positive and negative psychosis symptoms and can be used for bipolar
Olanzapine
Benzo with alternate uses:
- Absence seizures
- Myoclonic seizures
- Infantile spasms (West syndrome)
Clonazepam
Depressed patient with insomnia and anxiety
Mitrazapine
Use: quitting smoking (antidepressant)
Bupropion (Zyban extended release)
Rapid cycling manic/depressive episodes
Valproic acid
Amide + ester group local anesthetic
Articaine
Decreased half life due to additional metabolism
Dental use
Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Dantrolene
May inhibit progression of parkinson’s by decreasing free radicals produced during dopamine metabolism
MOA-B inhibitors
