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DOCs/Indications > HTN, CV, hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

HTN, CV, hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma+angina least preferred drug

A

B blocker

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2
Q

To lyse clots and re-establish tissue perfusion in an MI

A

Fibronolytic/Thrombolytics

Alteplase, tenecteplase, urokinase

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3
Q

Most widely used diuretics

A

Thiazide diuretics

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4
Q

DOC for ventricular arrhythmias

A

Amiodarone

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5
Q

Pregnancy+hyperlipidemia

A

Bile acid binding resins

not absorbed systemically

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6
Q

CCB recommended in pregnancy for htn/angina

A

Nifedipine

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7
Q

Anticoagulant used in pregnancy

A

LMWH

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8
Q

Peptic ulcer least preferred angina drug

A

CCB

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9
Q

Glaucoma

A

topical carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors

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10
Q

DOC for chronic paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia

A

B blockers

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11
Q

Peptic ulcer + angina preferred drugs

A

B block

Nitrate or Nitrite

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12
Q

Peripheral vascular disease+HTN least preferred

A

B blockers

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13
Q

Diuretic combo that causes the most K+ loss

A

loop+thiazide

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14
Q

Severe hypertension/hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy DOC

A

Hydralazine

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15
Q

Central alpha agonist which is safe in pregnancy + HTN

A

Methyldopa

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16
Q

Thiazide diuretic for patients with renal insufficiency

A

Indapamide: biliary excretion

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17
Q

Diuretics capable of working at Low GFR

A

Loop diuretics

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18
Q

Your patient has angina and takes sildenafil (or any ED drug)

A

DONT give them nitrates/nitrites

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19
Q

African american+HTN least preferred

A

B blockers

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20
Q

To produce diuresis in a patient refractory to monotherapy

A

Loop+thiazide

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21
Q

“one of the first choices for antihypertensive therapy”

A

Thiazide diuretics

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22
Q

Decrease intraocular pressure/volume before eye surgery

A

Osmotic diuretics

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23
Q

HTN+ angina least preferred drug

A

nitrate or nitrite

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24
Q

backbone of heart failure therapy

A

ACE-Inhibitors

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25
Q

2nd line for chronic paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia

A

CCBs

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26
Q

The most effective diuretics

A

Loop diuretics

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27
Q

HFrED HTN DOC

A

Captopril/enalapril (ACE-I)

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28
Q

Short term treatments for refractory heart failure

A

Dobutamine

Dopamine (also increases BP)

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29
Q

Drugs which contain sulfonamide moieties and can’t be given to those allergic

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics

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30
Q

Elderly or african american preferred diuretic

A

thiazide diuretics

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31
Q

Pregancy+htn drug which is stronger than methyldopa

A

Labetalol (a1 and B blocker)

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32
Q

DM+HTN least preferred

A

B blockers

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33
Q

To reduce afterload in heart failure

A

Arterodilatory

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34
Q

Flush out nephrotoxic substances

A

Osmotic diuretics

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35
Q

Preferred method of nitrite/nitrate ingestion

A

Sublingual

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36
Q

3rd line for acute paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia

A

IV CCBs

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37
Q

Most effective in hypercholesterolemia

A

Niacin

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38
Q

Central diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin

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39
Q

Hyperaldosteronism DOC

A

spironolactone

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40
Q

Hirsutism DOC

A

Spironolactone

41
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Loop diuretics

42
Q

Increase excretion of weak acids by alkalinizing urine

A

Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors

43
Q

To reduce heart rate in heart failure when beta blockers can’t/won’t

A

Ivabradine

44
Q

SIADH IV drug

A

Conivaptan

45
Q

Most effective in increasing HDL

A

Niacin

46
Q

4 heart failure drugs with positive inotropic effects

A

digitalis
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
dobutamine
dopamine

47
Q

To balance out potassium losses, for example in CHF

A

Potassium sparing diuretics + loop agents/thiazides

48
Q

To reduce energy expenditure in heart failure

A

B blocker

49
Q

To increase contractility in heart failure

A

Inotropic drugs

50
Q

Classic/atherosclerotic angina

A

any of the anti-angina meds

51
Q

Osmotic diuretic DOC

A

mannitol

52
Q

Hypercholesterolemia+HTN least preferred

A

B blockers

53
Q

2nd line for acute acute paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia

A

esmolol

54
Q

DOC for reducing LDLs

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)

55
Q

Decrease intracranial pressure in brain edema

A

Osmotic diuretics

56
Q

Lithium-induced diabetes insipidus

A

Amiloride

57
Q

Prevention of thrombosis is coronary stents

A

Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Prasugrel
(ADP inhibitors)

58
Q

Post-MI HTN DOC

A

B blockers

59
Q

Your patient with htn is refractory, what do you do?

A

Adding a second drug with a different mechanism of action is typically more effective than increasing dose of the first drug→ reduces side effects

60
Q

For ED and more spontaneous sexual activity due to longer duration of action. Also has NO visual side effects reported.

A

Tadalafil

61
Q

HTN+DM (+/-DM nephropathy) DOC

A

Captopril/enalapril (ACE-I)

62
Q

The only loop diuretic which is not a sulfonamide and can be given to allergic patients

A

Ethacrynic acid

63
Q

If you want to reduce htn without having an adverse effect on lipids

A

alpha one agonists (prazosin)
Combinded alpha 1 and beta agonists (Labetalol, carvedilol)
ACE-I
ARBs

64
Q

High physical activity +HTN least preferred

A

B blockers

65
Q

Asthma + angina preferred drugs

A

CCBs

Nitrate or Nitrite

66
Q

Heart failure least preferred angina drug

A

B blocker
Verapamil
Diltiazem

67
Q

Acute ventricular arrhythmias DOC

A

Lidocaine (Class IB antiarrhythmic)

68
Q

DOC for acute paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia

A

adenosine

69
Q

First choice for hypertension

A

CCBs

70
Q

Could cause gout

A

Thiazide diuretics compete with uric acid

71
Q

Drug effective on both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias

A

Amiodarone

72
Q

Used for bleeding disorders or reversal of fibrinolytic therapy

A

Aminocaproic acid

Tranexamic acid

73
Q

Diuretic which causes the most NaCl excretion

A

Monotherapy: loops

Comination therapy: loop+thiazide (more than loop alone)

74
Q

Meds which are ineffective at producing coronary vasodilation and therefore not useful for variant/angiospastic angina

A

Beta blockers

75
Q

CCBs more likely to cause reflex tachycardia

A

dihydropyridines (bc they vasodilate the most)

76
Q

Drugs which are inhibited by Aspirin as they depend on prostaglandin synthesisis

A

Loop diuretics

Thiazide diuretics

77
Q

Acute anginal attack (regardless of type)

A

Nitrate or Nitrite

78
Q

To reduce preload in heart failure

A

Diuretic

Venodilator

79
Q

Potassium antiarrhythmic MOA

A

Increased serum K+:
→ more positive (depolarized) resting potential
→ membrane potential stabilizing action by increased K+ permeability: hyperpolarizing→ this action predominates

80
Q

HTN drugs if you’re black

A

Thiazides or CCBs

81
Q

Asthma+HTN least preferred

A

B blockers

82
Q

DOC for torsade de pointes

A

Magnesium

83
Q

Heart failure + angina preferred drugs

A

Nitrate or Nitrite

84
Q

DOC for Wolf-parkison-white syndrome

A

adenosine

85
Q

Preferred thiazides for htn

A

Chlorthalidone
Indapamide
(Longer durations of action and last through night)

86
Q

Don’t use with digoxin

A

Loop diuretics (loss of K+)

87
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Thiazide diuretics increase Ca++ reabsorption, leading to less stones in tubule

88
Q

HTN + angina preferred drugs

A

B blockers

CCBs

89
Q

Variant/angiospastic angina (prinzmetals) DOC

A

Nitrates

CCBs

90
Q

The worst loop diuretic for ototoxicity

A

Ethacrynic acid

91
Q

Metabolic or respiratory alkalosis

A

Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors

increase bicarb excretion

92
Q

Most effective angina treatment coombinations

A
  1. B blocker + vasodilator

2. CCB/B blocker + nitrite (minimizes nitrite induced tachycardia)

93
Q

Fibrinolytic agents DOC

A

Tenecteplase

clot selective + longer half life

94
Q

SIADH oral drug

A

Tolvaptan

95
Q

Don’t use with aminoglycosides

A

Loop diuretics (ototoxicity)

96
Q

Migraine+HTN DOC

A

B blockers

97
Q

DM + angina preferred drugs

A

CCBs

Nitrate or Nitrite

98
Q

DM+angina least preferred drug

A

B blocker

99
Q

Chronic kidney disease +/- HTN DOC

A

Captopril/enalapril (ACE-I)

Decrease proteinuria and stabilize renal function

DOCs/Indications (7 decks)

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