HTN, CV, hyperlipidemia Flashcards
1
Q
Asthma+angina least preferred drug
A
B blocker
2
Q
To lyse clots and re-establish tissue perfusion in an MI
A
Fibronolytic/Thrombolytics
Alteplase, tenecteplase, urokinase
3
Q
Most widely used diuretics
A
Thiazide diuretics
4
Q
DOC for ventricular arrhythmias
A
Amiodarone
5
Q
Pregnancy+hyperlipidemia
A
Bile acid binding resins
not absorbed systemically
6
Q
CCB recommended in pregnancy for htn/angina
A
Nifedipine
7
Q
Anticoagulant used in pregnancy
A
LMWH
8
Q
Peptic ulcer least preferred angina drug
A
CCB
9
Q
Glaucoma
A
topical carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors
10
Q
DOC for chronic paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia
A
B blockers
11
Q
Peptic ulcer + angina preferred drugs
A
B block
Nitrate or Nitrite
12
Q
Peripheral vascular disease+HTN least preferred
A
B blockers
13
Q
Diuretic combo that causes the most K+ loss
A
loop+thiazide
14
Q
Severe hypertension/hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy DOC
A
Hydralazine
15
Q
Central alpha agonist which is safe in pregnancy + HTN
A
Methyldopa
16
Q
Thiazide diuretic for patients with renal insufficiency
A
Indapamide: biliary excretion
17
Q
Diuretics capable of working at Low GFR
A
Loop diuretics
18
Q
Your patient has angina and takes sildenafil (or any ED drug)
A
DONT give them nitrates/nitrites
19
Q
African american+HTN least preferred
A
B blockers
20
Q
To produce diuresis in a patient refractory to monotherapy
A
Loop+thiazide
21
Q
“one of the first choices for antihypertensive therapy”
A
Thiazide diuretics
22
Q
Decrease intraocular pressure/volume before eye surgery
A
Osmotic diuretics
23
Q
HTN+ angina least preferred drug
A
nitrate or nitrite
24
Q
backbone of heart failure therapy
A
ACE-Inhibitors
25
2nd line for chronic paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia
CCBs
26
The most effective diuretics
Loop diuretics
27
HFrED HTN DOC
Captopril/enalapril (ACE-I)
28
Short term treatments for refractory heart failure
Dobutamine
| Dopamine (also increases BP)
29
Drugs which contain sulfonamide moieties and can't be given to those allergic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
30
Elderly or african american preferred diuretic
thiazide diuretics
31
Pregancy+htn drug which is stronger than methyldopa
Labetalol (a1 and B blocker)
32
DM+HTN least preferred
B blockers
33
To reduce afterload in heart failure
Arterodilatory
34
Flush out nephrotoxic substances
Osmotic diuretics
35
Preferred method of nitrite/nitrate ingestion
Sublingual
36
3rd line for acute paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia
IV CCBs
37
Most effective in hypercholesterolemia
Niacin
38
Central diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin
39
Hyperaldosteronism DOC
spironolactone
40
Hirsutism DOC
Spironolactone
41
Hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics
42
Increase excretion of weak acids by alkalinizing urine
Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors
43
To reduce heart rate in heart failure when beta blockers can't/won't
Ivabradine
44
SIADH IV drug
Conivaptan
45
Most effective in increasing HDL
Niacin
46
4 heart failure drugs with positive inotropic effects
digitalis
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
dobutamine
dopamine
47
To balance out potassium losses, for example in CHF
Potassium sparing diuretics + loop agents/thiazides
48
To reduce energy expenditure in heart failure
B blocker
49
To increase contractility in heart failure
Inotropic drugs
50
Classic/atherosclerotic angina
any of the anti-angina meds
51
Osmotic diuretic DOC
mannitol
52
Hypercholesterolemia+HTN least preferred
B blockers
53
2nd line for acute acute paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia
esmolol
54
DOC for reducing LDLs
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
55
Decrease intracranial pressure in brain edema
Osmotic diuretics
56
Lithium-induced diabetes insipidus
Amiloride
57
Prevention of thrombosis is coronary stents
Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Prasugrel
(ADP inhibitors)
58
Post-MI HTN DOC
B blockers
59
Your patient with htn is refractory, what do you do?
Adding a second drug with a different mechanism of action is typically more effective than increasing dose of the first drug→ reduces side effects
60
For ED and more spontaneous sexual activity due to longer duration of action. Also has NO visual side effects reported.
Tadalafil
61
HTN+DM (+/-DM nephropathy) DOC
Captopril/enalapril (ACE-I)
62
The only loop diuretic which is not a sulfonamide and can be given to allergic patients
Ethacrynic acid
63
If you want to reduce htn without having an adverse effect on lipids
alpha one agonists (prazosin)
Combinded alpha 1 and beta agonists (Labetalol, carvedilol)
ACE-I
ARBs
64
High physical activity +HTN least preferred
B blockers
65
Asthma + angina preferred drugs
CCBs
| Nitrate or Nitrite
66
Heart failure least preferred angina drug
B blocker
Verapamil
Diltiazem
67
Acute ventricular arrhythmias DOC
Lidocaine (Class IB antiarrhythmic)
68
DOC for acute paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia
adenosine
69
First choice for hypertension
CCBs
70
Could cause gout
Thiazide diuretics compete with uric acid
71
Drug effective on both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
Amiodarone
72
Used for bleeding disorders or reversal of fibrinolytic therapy
Aminocaproic acid
| Tranexamic acid
73
Diuretic which causes the most NaCl excretion
Monotherapy: loops
| Comination therapy: loop+thiazide (more than loop alone)
74
Meds which are ineffective at producing coronary vasodilation and therefore not useful for variant/angiospastic angina
Beta blockers
75
CCBs more likely to cause reflex tachycardia
dihydropyridines (bc they vasodilate the most)
76
Drugs which are inhibited by Aspirin as they depend on prostaglandin synthesisis
Loop diuretics
| Thiazide diuretics
77
Acute anginal attack (regardless of type)
Nitrate or Nitrite
78
To reduce preload in heart failure
Diuretic
| Venodilator
79
Potassium antiarrhythmic MOA
Increased serum K+:
→ more positive (depolarized) resting potential
→ membrane potential stabilizing action by increased K+ permeability: hyperpolarizing→ *this action predominates*
80
HTN drugs if you're black
Thiazides or CCBs
81
Asthma+HTN least preferred
B blockers
82
DOC for torsade de pointes
Magnesium
83
Heart failure + angina preferred drugs
Nitrate or Nitrite
84
DOC for Wolf-parkison-white syndrome
adenosine
85
Preferred thiazides for htn
*Chlorthalidone*
Indapamide
(Longer durations of action and last through night)
86
Don't use with digoxin
Loop diuretics (loss of K+)
87
Nephrolithiasis
Thiazide diuretics increase Ca++ reabsorption, leading to less stones in tubule
88
HTN + angina preferred drugs
B blockers
| CCBs
89
Variant/angiospastic angina (prinzmetals) DOC
Nitrates
| CCBs
90
The worst loop diuretic for ototoxicity
Ethacrynic acid
91
Metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors
| increase bicarb excretion
92
Most effective angina treatment coombinations
1. B blocker + vasodilator
| 2. CCB/B blocker + nitrite (minimizes nitrite induced tachycardia)
93
Fibrinolytic agents DOC
Tenecteplase
| clot selective + longer half life
94
SIADH oral drug
Tolvaptan
95
Don't use with aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics (ototoxicity)
96
Migraine+HTN DOC
B blockers
97
DM + angina preferred drugs
CCBs
| Nitrate or Nitrite
98
DM+angina least preferred drug
B blocker
99
Chronic kidney disease +/- HTN DOC
Captopril/enalapril (ACE-I)
Decrease proteinuria and stabilize renal function
