Sex Hormones [16] Flashcards

1
Q

3 sex hormones

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Androgen

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2
Q

What is oestrogen a derivative of and what enzyme converts it

A

Androgen
Aromatase

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3
Q

GnRH is released from …. Into the …

A

Hypothalamus
Bloodstream

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4
Q

GnRH travels to …. Which releases ….

A

Anterior pituitary
FSH and LH

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5
Q

FSH causes release of

A

Oestrogen

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6
Q

LH causes release of

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

Progesterone readies the endometrium for

A

Implanting a fertilised ovum
It inhibits further released of GnRH

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8
Q

Oestrogen causes

A

Egg maturation
Proliferation of endometrium
Inhibits FSH

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9
Q

What happens after ovulation if there’s been no fertilisation

A

Corpus luteum regression
Progesterone and oestrogen levels drop
Menstruation

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10
Q

What happens after ovulation if fertilisation has occurred

A

Ovum secretes HCG
Stimulates corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone
Maintains endometrium

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11
Q

How do oral contraceptives work

A

Target negative feedback system clamping secretion of GnRH FSH and LH

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12
Q

Rise in LH is linked to

A

Ovulation

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13
Q

How does the combined pill work

A

ER and PR agonist
Oestrogen inhibits FSH secretion - prevents development of follicle
Progesterone inhibits LH secretion - prevents ovulation

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14
Q

How does the progesterone only pill work

A

PR agonist
Inhibits LH secretion
Stops ovulation
Thickens mucus in cervix

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15
Q

What is used for emergency contraception

A

Contragestation (abortion pill)
PR antagonist - progesterone is needed to maintain pregnancy

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16
Q

How can anti cancer drugs be hormone linked

A

Tumours in hormone sensitive tissues (breast) may be inhibited by sex hormones antagonists

17
Q

What is tamoxifen used for

A

Breast cancer
It’s a selective estrogen receptor modulator

18
Q

Tamoxifen mechanism of action

A

Competitive inhibitor of estradiol for ER
Binds to ER
Hormonal growth signal switched off
Reduced cell proliferation

19
Q

What triggers testosterone production

A

LH acts on testes

20
Q

What receptor does testosterone bind to

A

Androgen receptor

21
Q

How do GnRH antagonists block testosterone production

A

Bind to GnRH receptors on anterior pituitary
Blocks GnRH binding
Blocks release of LH