Adrenal Hormomes [14] Flashcards
What bit of the adrenal gland makes aldosterone
Zona glomerulosa
What bit of the adrenal gland makes cortisol
Zona fasiculata
What bit of the adrenal gland makes androgens
Zona reticularis
Cortisol is for …
Sleep / wake cycle
Mineral corticoids are for …
Na / K regulation
Steroid hormone receptor signalling (4 steps)
- Diffuses across membrane
- Binds intracellular receptor - translocation to nulceus
- Activated receptor binds target gene response element in DNA
- Modulates txn of specific gene
What effects does aldosterone have on Na and K
Increase Na reabsorption in DCT
Increase K secretion in urine
What stimulates aldosterone
Low Na
High K
Angiotensin II
Cause of hyperaldosteronism x2
Conns syndrome
Tumour in z glomerulosa
Or
Low BP - high renin - excess aldosterone
Where does aldosterone bind
MR receptor on nucleus
Treatments for hyperaldosteronism
MR antagonist
Spirinolactone
Cause of hypoaldosteronism x2
Addisons disease
Destruction of z glomerulosa
Or
Renin deficiency
Treatment of hypoaldosteronism
MR agonist
Fludrocortisone
Cortisol increases …
Glucose in the bloodstream
What does cortisol do in the liver
Inc glucose production
What does cortisol do in the pancreas
Inhibit insulin release
What does cortisol do in muscle
Inc protein degradation
Inc aa for gluconeogenesis
What does cortisol do in the adipose
Inc lypolysis
Inc fatty acid & glycerol for gluconeogenesis
Cortisol levels are highest in the …. And is released in response to ….
Morning
Stress
How does cortisol have an anti inflammatory effect
Induces lipocortin
Inhibiting phospholipids A2
Decr in inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes)
How is cortisol released
Hypothalamus - corticotropin releasing hormone
Pituitary - adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenal - cortisol
How does cortisol have immunosuppressive effects
Binds NF-kB so it cant bind nucleus
Also
Promotes lkBa synthesis (NF-kB inhibitor)
What’s is cushings disease
Hypercortisolaemia
Tumour on a fasiculata
Moon face
Poor wound healing
Treatment for Cushings
Metyrapone
11 beta hydroxylase inhibitor
(Last enzyme in cortisol production)
