Endocrine Signalling & Pituitary [12]

Question 1

Where do hormones come from

Answer 1

Endocrine tissue

Question 2

Examples of endocrine glands

Answer 2

Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Thymus
Thyroid

Question 3

What is a steroidal hormone

Answer 3

Can pass through membrane & bind Intracellularly
Receptor of txn factor

Question 4

Non-steroidal hormone definition

Answer 4

Binds to membrane bc it can’t pass through
Sets off signalling cascade

Question 5

What controls the pituitary

Answer 5

The hypothalamus

Question 6

What does the posterior lobe of the the pituitary do

Answer 6

Stores secreted hormones made by hypothalamus
(ADH)

Question 7

What does the anterior lobe of the pituitary do

Answer 7

Synthesises & secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic regulation (GH)

Question 8

In the PP, axons extend from the …

Answer 8

Supraoptic & paracentricular nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 9

In the PP, axons release …

Answer 9

Peptide hormones into hypophyseal circulation

Question 10

In the PP, hormones are stored in …

Answer 10

Neurosecretory vesicles

Question 11

Explain the action of ADH

Answer 11

Binds V2 receptors on basolateral of principal cells
Promotes ATP —> camp by adenylate cyclase
Activates PKA
Fusion of aquaporins into luminal membrane
Enhances permeability to water in CD
Concentrated urine

Question 12

ADH level stimulants

Answer 12

MDMA
Opioids

Question 13

ADH level depressants

Answer 13

Alcohol

Question 14

What is SIADH

Answer 14

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
Excessive ADH
Increased body water
Hyponatremia

Question 15

Causes of SIADH

Answer 15

Head trauma
Tumours

Question 16

How does increased blood volume cause hyponatremia

Answer 16

Decreased renin
Decreased angiotensin 2
Decreased mineral corticoid
Decreased Na absorption into blood
High Na in urine

Question 17

SIADH treatment

Answer 17

ADH V2 antagonist - tolvaptan

Question 18

Results of diabetes insipidus

Answer 18

Non functional ADH system
Excessive loss of water
Hypotension

Question 19

Difference between neurogenic and nephrogenic DI

Answer 19

Neurogenic = no ADH secretion
Nephrogenic = no response to ADH in principal cells

Question 20

Treatment for too little ADH

Answer 20

V2 agonist
Desmopressin

Question 21

What does oxytocin release from PP do

Answer 21

Contracts mammary myoepithelia
Uterine contraction in labour

Question 22

When would you use an oxytocin antagonist and example

Answer 22

For preterm labour
Atosiban

Question 23

6 hormones synthesised by anterior pituitary

Answer 23

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
GH
PL