Sex Differences in Training Flashcards
Body composition differences - Pre-puberty
no significant differences
What % more fat do women have
10%
Men/Women total weight & distribution differences
Men heavier & proportionally more upper body mass
Absolute strength differences
Women roughly 2/3rds strength of men (close running lower body 1RM)
Where is the biggest difference in peak torque?
At the isometric contraction end (0 movement) at higher velocity the difference is less
Muscle fibre differences?
Number - same
Size - large in men
Muscle fibre type differences?
type I lower in men
Type IIa lower in women
Type IIb equal
Strength per body mass (relative strength) differences
Females 5-25% lower
Upper body men higher
lower body is equal
Strength per fat free mass or Cross sectional area?
= male & females equal
identical muscle quality - strength per cm2 = 2-5kg
Sports performance differences
Males outperform females
greater diff in upper body events
gap in general narrowing
Pentation angles differences?
narrower in angles in all joints expect in hips where it is larger
Strength training increases differences?
strength ^ rate is equal
gain absolute strength greater in women
training can remove differences in relative strength (upper/lower body)
Composition change differences
Females - less absolute muscle mass growth
similar relative growth & fibre transition
Males see more muscle hypertrophy (testosterone / training differences)
