Sex and Gender

Question 1

Fertilization occurs when the ____ join to create a ____

Answer 1

gametes, zygote

Question 2

Genetic sex is determined

Answer 2

at the time of fertilization by the sperm

Question 3

The _______ determine genetic sex

Answer 3

sex chromosomes

Question 4

We all begin life with _______ that either become _____ or _____

Answer 4

undiffereniated gonads, testes, ovaries

Question 5

The ____ chromomes contain a ______ that is responisble for producing testes

Answer 5

y, sry gene

Question 6

SRY gene encodes a ____ that cuases the immature fetal gonads to become

Answer 6

protein, testes

Question 7

If the SRY gene is not present

Answer 7

he fetal gonads will become ovaries

Question 8

The zygote has the precurors for both

Answer 8

male typical + female typical sex organs

Question 9

Mullerian system

Answer 9

female typical precursor

Question 10

Wolffian system

Answer 10

male typical precursor

Question 11

Which way the immature organs developwill be based on

Answer 11

masculinizing hormones

Question 12

The Mullerian system is the ____ developmental pathway

Answer 12

default

Question 13

Testes secrete 2 hormones that serve to masculinize the internal sex ograns

Answer 13

1) Mullerian inhibiting substance

2) Testosterone

Question 14

MIS

Answer 14

prevent the Mullerian system from developing

Question 15

Testosterone

Answer 15

promotes development of Wollffian system

Question 16

Development of external male-typical genetalia requires presence of

Answer 16

testosterone

Question 17

Most variations in sexual development are due to variations of

Answer 17

testosterone

Question 18

Androgen is a

Answer 18

male sex hormone -> testosterone

Question 19

Androgen insensitivity: definition and result

Answer 19

• genetically XY fetus has testosterone, but lacks receptors for it
• development of female-typical external genitalia
• NO female internal organs

Question 20

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: definition and result

Answer 20

• a genetically XX fetus has too much testosterone
• masculization of female genitalia
• HAS internal female organs

Question 21

Secondary sex characteristics ( breast, facial hair) do not appear untill

Answer 21

puberty

Question 22

At puberty the _______ secretes _______ into the _______ blood supply

Answer 22

hypothalamus; GnRH; pituitary

Question 23

GnRH causes the ________ to release _____ and _____

Answer 23

anterior pituitary; FSH; LH

Question 24

FSH and LH stimulate ______ and ______ to release _____ and ______

Answer 24

ovaries; testes; estrogen; testosterone

Question 25

FSH and LH are known as _____ because they act on the ____

Answer 25

gonadotropins; gonads

Question 26

FSH and LH work to

Answer 26

1) increase the production of sex hormones | 2) Stimulate production of either sperm or ova

Question 27

Male typical secondary characteristics are caused by ____ and include....

Answer 27

testosterone; facial+body hair, voice deepening, muscle growth, genital growth

Question 28

Female typical secondary sex characteristics are caused by ______ and include...

Answer 28

estrogen; breast growth, chnages in body fat deposition, genital maturation, ovulation/cycling

Question 29

1st step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 29

GnRH released from hypothalamus

Question 30

2nd step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 30

anterior pituitary releases FSH, which travels to the ovaries

Question 31

3rd step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 31

FSH promotes growth of an ovarian follicle

Question 32

4th step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 32

the growing of the follicle releases estrogen

Question 33

5th step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 33

estrogen reaches the pituitary and causes the release of LH

Question 34

6th step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 34

LH travels back to the ovary and causes ovulation (release of a mature ovum)

Question 35

7th step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 35

the remaining corpus luteum releases estrogen and progesterone

Question 36

8th step of the menstrual cycle

Answer 36

Progesterone prepares the uterus for a pregnancy

Question 37

In non primate animals sexual behavior is closely locked to ...

Answer 37

seasonal rhythms, hormonal control, and to ovulation

Question 38

In primates sexual behaviours are more _______ from hormones, especially in ____

Answer 38

independent; females

Question 39

Human male sexual behavior is moderately reliant on

Answer 39

hormones

Question 40

For most species the optimal time to engage in sex is during the

Answer 40

ovulatory phase in their cycle

Question 41

Female humans tend to initiate sex more during the

Answer 41

ovulatory phase

Question 42

cisgender

Answer 42

individual percieves a match between his or her gender identity and anatomical sex

Question 43

transgender

Answer 43

individual perceives a mismatch between his or her gender identity and anatomical sex

Question 44

The psychosocial view of gender reflects...

Answer 44

the idea that sexual roles and behaviors are culturally determined and only minimally influenced by biological factors

Question 45

Gender schema theory

Answer 45

cognitive developmental framework for gender differences and roles based on social lerning theory

Question 46

In gender schema theory, gender develops as a result of

Answer 46

cultural influences and social experiences

Question 47

In XX individuals the brain will follow a

Answer 47

feminine trajectory

Question 48

In XY individuals the brain will be

Answer 48

masculinized