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Neuroscience > Sex and Gender > Flashcards

Sex and Gender Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilization occurs when the ____ join to create a ____

A

gametes, zygote

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2
Q

Genetic sex is determined

A

at the time of fertilization by the sperm

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3
Q

The _______ determine genetic sex

A

sex chromosomes

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4
Q

We all begin life with _______ that either become _____ or _____

A

undiffereniated gonads, testes, ovaries

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5
Q

The ____ chromomes contain a ______ that is responisble for producing testes

A

y, sry gene

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6
Q

SRY gene encodes a ____ that cuases the immature fetal gonads to become

A

protein, testes

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7
Q

If the SRY gene is not present

A

he fetal gonads will become ovaries

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8
Q

The zygote has the precurors for both

A

male typical + female typical sex organs

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9
Q

Mullerian system

A

female typical precursor

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10
Q

Wolffian system

A

male typical precursor

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11
Q

Which way the immature organs developwill be based on

A

masculinizing hormones

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12
Q

The Mullerian system is the ____ developmental pathway

A

default

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13
Q

Testes secrete 2 hormones that serve to masculinize the internal sex ograns

A

1) Mullerian inhibiting substance

2) Testosterone

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14
Q

MIS

A

prevent the Mullerian system from developing

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15
Q

Testosterone

A

promotes development of Wollffian system

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16
Q

Development of external male-typical genetalia requires presence of

A

testosterone

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17
Q

Most variations in sexual development are due to variations of

A

testosterone

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18
Q

Androgen is a

A

male sex hormone -> testosterone

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19
Q

Androgen insensitivity: definition and result

A
  • genetically XY fetus has testosterone, but lacks receptors for it
  • development of female-typical external genitalia
  • NO female internal organs
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20
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: definition and result

A
  • a genetically XX fetus has too much testosterone
  • masculization of female genitalia
  • HAS internal female organs
21
Q

Secondary sex characteristics ( breast, facial hair) do not appear untill

A

puberty

22
Q

At puberty the _______ secretes _______ into the _______ blood supply

A

hypothalamus; GnRH; pituitary

23
Q

GnRH causes the ________ to release _____ and _____

A

anterior pituitary; FSH; LH

24
Q

FSH and LH stimulate ______ and ______ to release _____ and ______

A

ovaries; testes; estrogen; testosterone

25
Q

FSH and LH are known as _____ because they act on the ____

A

gonadotropins; gonads

26
Q

FSH and LH work to

A

1) increase the production of sex hormones

2) Stimulate production of either sperm or ova

27
Q

Male typical secondary characteristics are caused by ____ and include….

A

testosterone; facial+body hair, voice deepening, muscle growth, genital growth

28
Q

Female typical secondary sex characteristics are caused by ______ and include…

A

estrogen; breast growth, chnages in body fat deposition, genital maturation, ovulation/cycling

29
Q

1st step of the menstrual cycle

A

GnRH released from hypothalamus

30
Q

2nd step of the menstrual cycle

A

anterior pituitary releases FSH, which travels to the ovaries

31
Q

3rd step of the menstrual cycle

A

FSH promotes growth of an ovarian follicle

32
Q

4th step of the menstrual cycle

A

the growing of the follicle releases estrogen

33
Q

5th step of the menstrual cycle

A

estrogen reaches the pituitary and causes the release of LH

34
Q

6th step of the menstrual cycle

A

LH travels back to the ovary and causes ovulation (release of a mature ovum)

35
Q

7th step of the menstrual cycle

A

the remaining corpus luteum releases estrogen and progesterone

36
Q

8th step of the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone prepares the uterus for a pregnancy

37
Q

In non primate animals sexual behavior is closely locked to …

A

seasonal rhythms, hormonal control, and to ovulation

38
Q

In primates sexual behaviours are more _______ from hormones, especially in ____

A

independent; females

39
Q

Human male sexual behavior is moderately reliant on

A

hormones

40
Q

For most species the optimal time to engage in sex is during the

A

ovulatory phase in their cycle

41
Q

Female humans tend to initiate sex more during the

A

ovulatory phase

42
Q

cisgender

A

individual percieves a match between his or her gender identity and anatomical sex

43
Q

transgender

A

individual perceives a mismatch between his or her gender identity and anatomical sex

44
Q

The psychosocial view of gender reflects…

A

the idea that sexual roles and behaviors are culturally determined and only minimally influenced by biological factors

45
Q

Gender schema theory

A

cognitive developmental framework for gender differences and roles based on social lerning theory

46
Q

In gender schema theory, gender develops as a result of

A

cultural influences and social experiences

47
Q

In XX individuals the brain will follow a

A

feminine trajectory

48
Q

In XY individuals the brain will be

A

masculinized

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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