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Neuroscience > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of NT receptor

A

1) Ionotropic

2) Metabotropic

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2
Q

Ionotropic channels are _______

A

ligan gates ion channels

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3
Q

Ionotropic channels open by ____ to the neurotransmitters

A

directly; binding;

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4
Q

Ionotropic are …

A

very fast-acting

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5
Q

Metabotropic are _____ that ____ to neurotransmitters by ______ activating a ______

A

specialized receptors; bind; indirectly; second messenger

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6
Q

Metabotropic receptors are associated with …

A

“G proteins”

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7
Q

Metabotropic are …

A

slow acing

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8
Q

Glutamate is

A

excititory

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9
Q

Glutamate is located in

A

brain + spinal cord

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10
Q

Glutamate receptor type

A

ionotropic or metabotropic

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11
Q

GABA is

A

inhibitory

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12
Q

GABA is located

A

brain

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13
Q

GABA receptor type

A

ionotropc or metabotropic

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14
Q

Dopamine is for

A

arousal, attention, pleasure, reward

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15
Q

Dopamine is generally

A

excitatory

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16
Q

Dopamine receptor type

A

metabotropic

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17
Q

Norepinephrine is for

A

arousal, attention, fight-flight, stress

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18
Q

Norepinephrine is generally

A

excitatory

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19
Q

Norepinephrine receptor type

A

metabotropic

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20
Q

Serotonin is for

A

arousal, mood, sleep, appetite

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21
Q

Serotonin can be

A

excitatory or inhibitory

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22
Q

Serotonin receptor type

A

nearly all metabotropic

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23
Q

Acetylcholine is for

A

arousal, sleep, muscle movements, learning & memory

24
Q

Acetylcholine can be

A

excitatory and inhibitory

25
Q

Acetylcholine receptor type

A

ionotropic or metabotropic

26
Q

Amino acid neurotransmitters

A

1) Glutamate
2) GABA
3) Glycine

27
Q

Glycine is a major ______ in the ______

A

inhibitory transmitter; spinal cord

28
Q

Glutamate _____ neurons + opens ____ ion channels

A

depolarizes; sodium

29
Q

GABA ______ neurons + opens _____ ion channels

A

Hyperpolarizes; chlroide

30
Q

The two Glutamate receptors

A

1) AMPA

2) NMDA

31
Q

AMPA is the _____ type of receptor

A

most common

32
Q

AMPA is a _________ + passes ___ ions

A

ligand gated channel; sodium

33
Q

NMDA is ______ and ____ + passes _____ + ____

A

Ligand; voltage; sodium; chloride

34
Q

The AMPA receptor is _____ if no glutamate is bound to the receptor

A

closed

35
Q

the NMDA receptor is usually blocked by …

A

magnesium

36
Q

The neuron must be _______ for magnesium to be _____

A

depolarized; removed

37
Q

NMDA receptors only open when

A

1) glutamate is bound

2) when postsynaptic neuron is depolarized

38
Q

GABA type A receptor is _____ if no GABA is bound to the receptor

A

closed

39
Q

Acetylcholine is the ____ neurotransmitter secreted by the _____ axons of the ____ nervous system

A

primary; motor; somaic

40
Q

All _____ movements in the body are controlled by the release of ____

A

motor; Acetylcholine

41
Q

The autonomic nervous system contains two types of neurons

A

1) Preganglionic

2) Postganglionic

42
Q

The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine for _______ and ______

A

pre + postganglionic neurons

43
Q

The sympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine for ______

A

preganglionic neurons

44
Q

the 2 main regions that contain acetylcholine are

A

1) dorsal pons

2) ventral forebrain

45
Q

Dorsal pons

A

sleep + REM sleep

46
Q

Ventral forebrain

A

wakefulness, arousal, attention, memory, cognition

47
Q

The ventral forebrain is located in the

A

nucleus Basalis

48
Q

broad groups of monoamines

A

1) catecholamines- dopamine + norepinephrine

2) indolamines- serotonin

49
Q

Dopamine is ______ in _____

A

synthesized; axon terminals

50
Q

3 major dopamine pathways

A

1) Nigrostriatal system
2) mesolimbic system
3) Mesocortical system

51
Q

Nigrostriatal system ( origin + function)

A
  • originates in substantia nigra projects to striatum

- initation of movement

52
Q

mesolimbic system

A
  • originate in VTA and projects to limbic + nucleus accumbens
  • emotion, reward, pleasure
53
Q

Mesocortical system

A
  • originates in VTA and projects to frontal cortex

- attention, concentration

54
Q

Adrenaline ( epinephrine) realsed by ____ + is apart of _____

A

adrenal medulla; fight or flight

55
Q

Noradrenaline ( norepinephrine) is released in the ____ and at ____ neurons

A

brain; postganglonic

56
Q

Most NE neurons are clustered in the ….

A

locus coruleus

57
Q

serotonin is also known as

A

5 HIT

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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