Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
Central Nervous System
A
brain + spinal cord
2
Q
Peripheral Nervous System
A
nerves in the rest of the body
3
Q
Autonomic System
A
controls activity of internal organs and glands
-apart of peripheral system
4
Q
Somatic System
A
relays touch and pain sensation and controls muscle movements
- part of peripheral system
- sensory and intersensory neurons
5
Q
Sympathetic system
A
- Apart of autonomic system
- arousing
6
Q
Parasympathetic system
A
- calming
- apart of autonomic system
7
Q
Anteriori/Rostral
A
Toward front
8
Q
Posterior/Caudal
A
toward back
9
Q
Dorsal
A
toward top
10
Q
Ventral
A
toward bottom
11
Q
Lateral
A
away from midline
12
Q
Medial
A
toward midline
13
Q
The human forehead is considered ____ and the top of the head is _____ due to the ____
A
rostral,dorsal,neuraxis
14
Q
A
Transverse Plane
15
Q
A
Sagittal plane
16
Q
A
Horizontal Plane
17
Q
The three layers of the meninges+ description ( only Central nervous system)
A
1) Dura- thick leathery
2) Arachnoid membrane- soft, spongy, filled with cerebrospinal fluid, large blood vessels runs through
3) Pia mater- thin layer that covers the brain
18
Q
A
Lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
19
Q
The cerebral cortex consists of ______ and _______
A
grey matter, and white matter
20
Q
Sulci
A
small grooves in the cortex
21
Q
Fissures
A
larg grooves in cortex
22
Q
Gyri
A
bulges between adjacent sulci and fissures
23
Q
Lobes of the cortex
A
1) Frontal lobe
2) Parietal Lobe
3) Temporal Lobe
4) Occipital lobe
24
Q
Temporal Lobe
A
ventral to the frontal and parietal lobes
-auditory processing and memory
25
Parietal Lobe
behind central sulcus
| -perception
26
Frontal Lobe
everything infront of central sulcus
| - planning and action
27
Occipital Lobe
posterior part of brain
| -visual processing
28
Name the 4 lobes of the brain
29
The central sulcus divides the _____ and _______
primary somatosensory and motor neurons
30
Primary sensory & Motor areas
- Primary motor cortex
- primary somatosensory cortex
- primary visual cortex
- primary auditory cortex
- Insular cortex
31
Association Areas
Areas of the cortex not devoted to sensory and are devoted to perceiving, learning, rembering, and planning
32
Name the association areas
- Frontal (motor) association cortex
- somatosensory association cortex
- auditory association cortex
- visual association cortex
33
Left hemisphere is specialized for ________ and ________
language production and comprehension
34
Right Hemisphere is specialized for ______ and ______
non verbal and spatial abilities
35
Lateralization
functional difference between two hemispheres
36
Both hemispheres are connected by a large fiber called_____
corpus callosum
37
Fiber Tracts
bundles of axons traveling to and from different regions of the brain to and from the spinal cord
38
Basal ganglia
- control movement
| - important for voluntary motor control, cognition, motor learning, & habit formation
39
The three main parts of the basal ganglia
1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
40
Nucleus Accumbens
- located in the anterior ventral striatum
- critical for pleasure
- reward-related learning
41
Limbic System
role in emotions and in certain types of memory formation
42
Limbic System major regions/nuclei
1) Cingulate cortex
2) Amygdala
3) Hippocampus
43
Cingulate cortex
conscious experience of emotions
44
Amygdala
threat detection, emotion, and emotional memory formation
45
Hippocampus
critical for certain types of memory
46
The base of the forebrain contains three important structures
1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Pituitary
47
Thalamus
relays sensory info from brainstem to the forebrain and cortex
48
Hypothalamus
motivated behaviours and in controlling endocrine and autonomic nervous system
49
Pituitary
master gland of endocrine system
| -connected to hypothalamus
50
Hypothalamus collection of nuclei 4 functions
1) Fighting
2) Fleeing
3) Feeding
4) Mating
51
The Hypothalamus send _____ to the pituitary to trigger the realese of _____
signals; pituitary hormones
52
The two pituitary glands are
Anterior pituitary gland
| Posterior pituitary gland
53
Pituitary hormones trigger the relase of other _____ from the ______
hormones, endocrine glands
54
Adrenaline (release site and function)
Adrenal gland; arousal, flight or fight
55
Cortisol (release site and function)
Adrenal gland; stress
56
Insulin (release site and function)
Pancreas; metabolism, body weight regualtion
57
Testosterone (release site and function)
Testes; male sexual behaviour & development, agression
58
Estrogen (release site and function)
Ovaries, female sexual behaviour and development
59
Dorsal side of midbrain
1) Superior colliculi
| 2) Inferior colliculi
60
Superior colliculi
visual processing
61
Inferior colliculi
auditory prrocessing
62
Ventral side of midbrain
- periaquductal gray
- red nucleus
- substantia nigra
- VTA
63
Periaqueductal grey
pain regulation, motivated behaviours
64
Red nucleus
motor control
65
Substantia nigra
motor control, dopamin neurons
66
VTA
reward&pleasure, arousal, dopamine neurons
67
The parts of the hindbrain
- cerebllum
- locus coruleus
- Pons
68
Cerebellum
"little brain" ; fin motor control
69
Locus coerulus
Source of norepinephrine; arousal, attention, vigilance
70
Pons
Tracts that are relayed from forebrain to spinal cord
71
Medulla oblongata (brainstem)
- most posterior
| - breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting
72
Spinal cord function
to relay somatosensory (touch,pain) info to brain & relay motor commands from brain to muscles
73
Cervical (Spinal cord)
Neck,arms,hands,fingers
74
Thoracic (Spinal cord)
trunk
75
Lumbar (Spinal cord)
front of legs, feet
76
Sacral (Spinal cord)
genitals, back of legs
77
Spinal + Cranial nerves are apart of the ______
somatic nervous system
78
Dorsal root ganglia
collection of cell bodies; sensory
79
Dorsal roots are for ...
sensory
80
Ventral roots are for
motor
81
Optic (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
vision, sensory
82
Olfactory (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
smell, sensory
83
oculomotor (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
eye movement, motor
84
Trochlear (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
eye movement, motor
85
abducens (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
eye movement, motor
86
Trigeminal (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
jaw muscels, sensory and motor
87
Facial (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
face msucles, sensory and motor
88
Auditory (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
hearing, sensory
89
Glossopharyngeal (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
muscles of throat + larynx, sensory + motor
90
Vagus (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
internal organs, sensory and motor
91
Spinal accessory (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
neck muscles, motor
92
Hypoglossal (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor
tongue muscles, motor
93
Sympathetic nervouse system activated during
arousal, fight, flight
94
Sympathetic divison originates in
thoracic + lumbar
95
Parasympathetic is activated during
digestion, waking, relaxation
96
Parasympathetic divison originates in the
cervical + sacral
