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Neuroscience > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain + spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

nerves in the rest of the body

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3
Q

Autonomic System

A

controls activity of internal organs and glands

-apart of peripheral system

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4
Q

Somatic System

A

relays touch and pain sensation and controls muscle movements

  • part of peripheral system
  • sensory and intersensory neurons
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5
Q

Sympathetic system

A
  • Apart of autonomic system

- arousing

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6
Q

Parasympathetic system

A
  • calming

- apart of autonomic system

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7
Q

Anteriori/Rostral

A

Toward front

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8
Q

Posterior/Caudal

A

toward back

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9
Q

Dorsal

A

toward top

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10
Q

Ventral

A

toward bottom

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11
Q

Lateral

A

away from midline

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12
Q

Medial

A

toward midline

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13
Q

The human forehead is considered ____ and the top of the head is _____ due to the ____

A

rostral,dorsal,neuraxis

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14
Q
A

Transverse Plane

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15
Q
A

Sagittal plane

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16
Q
A

Horizontal Plane

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17
Q

The three layers of the meninges+ description ( only Central nervous system)

A

1) Dura- thick leathery
2) Arachnoid membrane- soft, spongy, filled with cerebrospinal fluid, large blood vessels runs through
3) Pia mater- thin layer that covers the brain

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18
Q
A

Lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

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19
Q

The cerebral cortex consists of ______ and _______

A

grey matter, and white matter

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20
Q

Sulci

A

small grooves in the cortex

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21
Q

Fissures

A

larg grooves in cortex

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22
Q

Gyri

A

bulges between adjacent sulci and fissures

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23
Q

Lobes of the cortex

A

1) Frontal lobe
2) Parietal Lobe
3) Temporal Lobe
4) Occipital lobe

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24
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

ventral to the frontal and parietal lobes

-auditory processing and memory

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25
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

behind central sulcus

-perception

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26
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

everything infront of central sulcus

- planning and action

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27
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

posterior part of brain

-visual processing

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28
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the brain

A
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29
Q

The central sulcus divides the _____ and _______

A

primary somatosensory and motor neurons

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30
Q

Primary sensory & Motor areas

A
  • Primary motor cortex
  • primary somatosensory cortex
  • primary visual cortex
  • primary auditory cortex
  • Insular cortex
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31
Q

Association Areas

A

Areas of the cortex not devoted to sensory and are devoted to perceiving, learning, rembering, and planning

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32
Q

Name the association areas

A
  • Frontal (motor) association cortex
  • somatosensory association cortex
  • auditory association cortex
  • visual association cortex
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33
Q

Left hemisphere is specialized for ________ and ________

A

language production and comprehension

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34
Q

Right Hemisphere is specialized for ______ and ______

A

non verbal and spatial abilities

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35
Q

Lateralization

A

functional difference between two hemispheres

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36
Q

Both hemispheres are connected by a large fiber called_____

A

corpus callosum

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37
Q

Fiber Tracts

A

bundles of axons traveling to and from different regions of the brain to and from the spinal cord

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38
Q

Basal ganglia

A
  • control movement

- important for voluntary motor control, cognition, motor learning, & habit formation

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39
Q

The three main parts of the basal ganglia

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus

40
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A
  • located in the anterior ventral striatum
  • critical for pleasure
  • reward-related learning
41
Q

Limbic System

A

role in emotions and in certain types of memory formation

42
Q

Limbic System major regions/nuclei

A

1) Cingulate cortex
2) Amygdala
3) Hippocampus

43
Q

Cingulate cortex

A

conscious experience of emotions

44
Q

Amygdala

A

threat detection, emotion, and emotional memory formation

45
Q

Hippocampus

A

critical for certain types of memory

46
Q

The base of the forebrain contains three important structures

A

1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Pituitary

47
Q

Thalamus

A

relays sensory info from brainstem to the forebrain and cortex

48
Q

Hypothalamus

A

motivated behaviours and in controlling endocrine and autonomic nervous system

49
Q

Pituitary

A

master gland of endocrine system

-connected to hypothalamus

50
Q

Hypothalamus collection of nuclei 4 functions

A

1) Fighting
2) Fleeing
3) Feeding
4) Mating

51
Q

The Hypothalamus send _____ to the pituitary to trigger the realese of _____

A

signals; pituitary hormones

52
Q

The two pituitary glands are

A

Anterior pituitary gland

Posterior pituitary gland

53
Q

Pituitary hormones trigger the relase of other _____ from the ______

A

hormones, endocrine glands

54
Q

Adrenaline (release site and function)

A

Adrenal gland; arousal, flight or fight

55
Q

Cortisol (release site and function)

A

Adrenal gland; stress

56
Q

Insulin (release site and function)

A

Pancreas; metabolism, body weight regualtion

57
Q

Testosterone (release site and function)

A

Testes; male sexual behaviour & development, agression

58
Q

Estrogen (release site and function)

A

Ovaries, female sexual behaviour and development

59
Q

Dorsal side of midbrain

A

1) Superior colliculi

2) Inferior colliculi

60
Q

Superior colliculi

A

visual processing

61
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

auditory prrocessing

62
Q

Ventral side of midbrain

A
  • periaquductal gray
  • red nucleus
  • substantia nigra
  • VTA
63
Q

Periaqueductal grey

A

pain regulation, motivated behaviours

64
Q

Red nucleus

A

motor control

65
Q

Substantia nigra

A

motor control, dopamin neurons

66
Q

VTA

A

reward&pleasure, arousal, dopamine neurons

67
Q

The parts of the hindbrain

A
  • cerebllum
  • locus coruleus
  • Pons
68
Q

Cerebellum

A

“little brain” ; fin motor control

69
Q

Locus coerulus

A

Source of norepinephrine; arousal, attention, vigilance

70
Q

Pons

A

Tracts that are relayed from forebrain to spinal cord

71
Q

Medulla oblongata (brainstem)

A
  • most posterior

- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting

72
Q

Spinal cord function

A

to relay somatosensory (touch,pain) info to brain & relay motor commands from brain to muscles

73
Q

Cervical (Spinal cord)

A

Neck,arms,hands,fingers

74
Q

Thoracic (Spinal cord)

A

trunk

75
Q

Lumbar (Spinal cord)

A

front of legs, feet

76
Q

Sacral (Spinal cord)

A

genitals, back of legs

77
Q

Spinal + Cranial nerves are apart of the ______

A

somatic nervous system

78
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

collection of cell bodies; sensory

79
Q

Dorsal roots are for …

A

sensory

80
Q

Ventral roots are for

A

motor

81
Q

Optic (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

vision, sensory

82
Q

Olfactory (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

smell, sensory

83
Q

oculomotor (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

eye movement, motor

84
Q

Trochlear (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

eye movement, motor

85
Q

abducens (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

eye movement, motor

86
Q

Trigeminal (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

jaw muscels, sensory and motor

87
Q

Facial (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

face msucles, sensory and motor

88
Q

Auditory (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

hearing, sensory

89
Q

Glossopharyngeal (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

muscles of throat + larynx, sensory + motor

90
Q

Vagus (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

internal organs, sensory and motor

91
Q

Spinal accessory (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

neck muscles, motor

92
Q

Hypoglossal (Cranial nerves) function + sensory or motor

A

tongue muscles, motor

93
Q

Sympathetic nervouse system activated during

A

arousal, fight, flight

94
Q

Sympathetic divison originates in

A

thoracic + lumbar

95
Q

Parasympathetic is activated during

A

digestion, waking, relaxation

96
Q

Parasympathetic divison originates in the

A

cervical + sacral

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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