Settlements and Urbanisation

Question 1

What is a settlement

Answer 1

A settlement is a place where people live. They vary greatly in size from a single dwelling to cities that house millions of people.

Question 2

What does the settlement hierarchy go up in. (3)

Answer 2

The increase of larger settlements, (capital city at top).
Goes up from rural to urban.
Goes up by population.

Question 3

What is a conurbation

Answer 3

An extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of central city.

Question 4

What is an urban area

Answer 4

They are very developed so they consist of man made structures like houses, offices and railways.

Question 5

What is a rural area

Answer 5

They are outside cities and generally have a low population density with lots of agriculture.

Question 6

What are the 3 different types of settlement pattern.

Answer 6

Nucleated
Linear
Dispersed

Question 7

What is a nucleated pattern, (Where is it found)

What are the advantages) (3

Answer 7

This pattern often develops in areas with rich agriculture, where farmers can live in the village but still be near their fields.
Being close to others may be helpful for defence in time for attack.
People can enjoy the social benefits of being close to their neighbours.
They have easy access to shops and schools.

Question 8

What is a linear pattern (Where is it found)

What are the advantages) (2

Answer 8

Where the houses are along the road on either side, sometimes a river or floodplain.

This pattern allows everyone to have access to a road or track for transport.
Physical geography will helps settlements may be along a rive or line of springs for water supply.

Question 9

What is a dispersed pattern

Answer 9

Houses spread out over agricultural land
This could developers the agricultural land is poor and people need a large area too farm for grazing.
This would be hard for farmers to live in a village but still live close to their land.

Question 10

What factors affect the site and development of rural areas, (3)

Answer 10

Water supply- Supplies the settlement with water, crop irrigation allows farming and rivers to provide transport.

Drainage and flooding- Lower areas of land are more fertile but flood regularly. Higher areas of land are less fertile but don’t flood as much.

Aspect- How the slope faces is important for mountainous areas and valleys. also needed for agriculture as if you are in the Northern Hemisphere then you want crops facing south.

Question 11

What factors affect the site and development of urban areas, (3)

Answer 11

Ports- If the city is next to deep water or shelter from the winds then goods can easily be transported.

Mega cities- Mega cities have massive population and pollution. They also have good travel access.

Soils- If there is land with very fertile soil then it is too important to build houses on. Instead they build the houses next to the land.

Question 12

Definition of a service

Answer 12

Anything that is provided in a settlement for the population, e.g shops and public services.

Question 13

Definition of convenience goods

Answer 13

Goods that people need on regular basis but are not expensive, e.g bread, milk, water.

Question 14

Definition of comparison goods

Answer 14

They are more luxury items and expensive.

Question 15

Definition of the range

Answer 15

The distance people are prepared to travel to, to reach a a shop.

Question 16

Definition of low order service

Answer 16

A small shop that does not have a high range

Question 17

Definition of high order service

Answer 17

A shop selling comparison goods that has a large range

Question 18

Definition of a threshold

Answer 18

The minimum population number, e.g a village shop has at least 300 people in that village. So the threshold is 300.

Question 19

Definition of a sphere of influence

Answer 19

These attract people from a wider area because of the facilities they offer. Cities such as London have a global sphere of influence, whereas a small hamlet or village may only have a sphere of influence of a couple of kilometres.

Question 20

What is urbanisation

Answer 20

The increase in the population of people living in large towns and cities. The world became more urban than rural in 2009.

Question 21

What is a pull factor

Answer 21

A reason that attracts a person to a new place

Question 22

What is a push factor

Answer 22

A reason on why someone would want to leave the place they live in.

Question 23

How have the levels of urbanisation changed overtime

Answer 23

Overall, the worldwide urbanisation increased over time . In 1800 it was only 3%, in 2015 this grows to 52%. This is because of a huge increase in the population.

Question 24

How do rates of urbanisation change throughout the world

Answer 24

Most urbanisation in MEDC’s happened during the 19th century. and more people lived in urban than rural was before 1950.
However for LEDC’s this is predicted to happen in 2020.

Question 25

Reasons for the varying pace of urbanisation throughout the world.

Answer 25

LEDC’s- More woman have children as they think they will die or to work.
Better healthcare so people are living longer.

MEDC’s- There are better service, e.g water, shops.
More people continue to move from the countryside to the city in search of jobs.

Question 26

What is the CBD

Answer 26

It is the inner city area and contains services like: restaurants, theatres, public transport and government buildings.

Question 27

Why is the CBD expanding

Answer 27

Mostly due to the history as the CBD is the core of the settlement. Its where the roads from the outside converge making the area the most accessible place in the city.

Question 28

What is the inner city

Answer 28

Housing is relatively small and there is little or no open space between them.

Question 29

Describe the suburbs

Answer 29

Fewer dwellings per square kilometre and there is much more open space between houses, (green spaces).

Question 30

Why are the suburbs growing

Answer 30

As the cities spread out, the suburbs where created due to improved and cheaper transport access. As land was cheaper, houses could become bigger and semi-detached.

Question 31

What re the pros and cons of the Burgess model

Answer 31

PROS
Model is still relevant today
It helps us understand the growth of the city.

CONS
Most expensive property is in low class areas

Question 32

Squatter settlements are any collection of buildings where the people have no………………………………………… The people are living there i…… and do not own the land. They provide housing for many of the worlds poorest………………… They are often constructed with…………… initially, including plastic sheeting, corrugated metal……….+……….. These are all materials that are available either freely as waste or cheaply. Squatter settlements also often lack proper………………………….

Answer 32

legal rights to the land they build upon
Illegally
People and offer basic shelter
Poor materials
Wood + cardboard
Sanitation, water supply and electricity.