Sets 10 Flashcards
what are the chemical constituents of DNA?
phosphate , nitrogenous base & deoxyribose sugar
what are deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPS) and what 2 categories are they split up into ?
they are monomers needed in DNA synthesis and there split into pyrimidines & purines
what are the 2 pyrimidines ?
deoxyribose cytidine triphosphate (dCTP) & deoxyribose thymidine triphosphate (dTTP)
what are the 2 purines ?
deoxyribose adenosine triphosphate (dATP) & deoxyribose guanosine triphosphate (dGTP)
What are nucleotides
they monophosphates are incorporated in DNA are on pyrimidine and purine
what nucleotides are on pyrimidines ?
Deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP)
Deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP)
what nucleotides are on purine ?
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP)
Deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP)
how are nucleotide linked on pyrimindes and purines ?
through a phosphodiester bond
what are dNTPs abbreviated as
A (Adenine) G (Guanine) T (Thymine) C (Cytosine)
Out of ATGC which ones are pyrimidines & purines
TC are prymidines AG are purines
what is complementary base pairing
where the opposite polarity of the two stands ( pyrimidines and purine pair
what bonds complementary base pairing
hydrogen bonds
what pairs in complementary base pairing
A & T pair along with G & C
what do chromosomes carry ?
DNA & protein and genes
Characterization of DNA started in 1869
what did they do in 1923?
stain DNA which showed it was in chromsomes
what did Fredierick Griffith do in 1923?
he studied with streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria which was smooth and rough
genes are made of DNA
who worked with viruses in 1952 ?
chase and hershey
what are 3 things about a virus
- not alive
- dont have cells
- Only contain DNA and protein
DNA carries Genes
what is DNA’s structure and who proposed it ? And when
a double helix and proposed by james watson & francis crick 1953
every organism has an equal amounts of ATGC
when does DNA complete a turn
every 34 A
what are the three forms of DNA
a FORM , B form , Z form
what type of DNA do viruses have
single stranded-DNA
what type of is Linear double stranded chromosomes ?
eukaryotic nuclear genome
what type is circular double started chromosomes ?
bacteria mitochondria ,chloroplasts
which ones has no DNA
retro viruses
how many hydrogen bonds does GC have ?
3
how many hydrogen bonds does AT have
2
what is the difference between smooth and the rough colonies
smooth had capsule rough had no capsule
F. Griffith performed an experiment using smooth (S) and rough (R) Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Mice were injected with either living S cells, living R cells, dead S cells, or a mixture of dead S cells and living R cells. Only the mixture killed the mice. What did this experiment prove?
a transferable substance could change the genetic makeup of an organism
M. Chase and A. Hershey performed experiments with E. coli and bacteriophage. They grew the bacteriophage with labeled 35S (sulfur) or 32P (phosphorus), then added the bacteriophage to fresh E. coli culture. What piece of evidence from this experiment proved that DNA is the molecule of heredity?
32P-labeled DNA was almost exclusively found inside phage-infected bacterial cells
