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Reproductive Unit > Session 7- Intro to Contraception > Flashcards

Session 7- Intro to Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

what is contraception

A

any method to prevent pregnancy

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2
Q

what are the three methods to prevent pregnancy

A

blocking sperm transport to avoid fertilisation

disruption of HPG axis- interfere with ovulation

inhibit implantation of conceptus into endometrium

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3
Q

how do natural fertilty awareness methods work

A

monitoring and recording fertility indicators throughout menstrual cycle

  • cervical secretions and changes in cervix
  • basal body temperature
  • length of menstrual cycle
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4
Q

what is the lactational amenorrhoea method

A

breastfeeding after childbirth to avoid pregnancy

delays the return of ovulation by disrupting gonadotrophin release

can be used for up to 6 months postnatally

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5
Q

how do barriers work

examples

A

provide a physical and/or chemical barrier to sperm entering the cervix

  • male/female condoms
  • diaphragms
  • spermicides
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6
Q

advantages of barriers

A

STI protection

reliable

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7
Q

diadvantages of barriers

A

disrupts intercourse

risk of dislodging

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8
Q

how do hormonal birth controls work

examples

A

interrupt HPG axis and prevent ovulation

  • Combined oestrogen and progestogen- COCP
  • progesterone only pill- POP
  • LARC progestogen depot and implant
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9
Q

what is progestogen

A

recombinant artificial progesterone

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10
Q

role of progesterone

A

high levels of progesterone enhance the negative feedback of oestrogen hence

  • pre ovulation (reduces FSH and LH)
  • inhibit positive feedback of high oestrogen - x LH surge -> x ovulation
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11
Q

what is the effect if lower levels of pregesterone

A

doesnt inhibiy LH surge -> can still ovulate

will thicken cervical mucus

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12
Q

main action of COCP

A

prevent ovulation

reducce endometrial receptivity to implantation, thicken cerivial mucus

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13
Q

how is the COCP pill taken

A

taken for 21 days with a 7 day break OR 21 days + 7 placebo pills

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14
Q

adv of COCP

A
  • reliable
  • can relive menstrual disorders
  • reduced risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer
  • reduced acne in some
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15
Q

disadv of COCP

A
  • user dependant
  • no STI protection
  • medication interaction
  • contraindications -raised BMI migraine and breast cancer
  • side effects
  • increased risk of CV disease, stroke, VTE breast and cervical cancer
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16
Q

MAIN action of POP

A

thicken cervical mucus

reduced cilia activity in fallopian tube

doesnt affect ovulatin

17
Q

adv of POP

A

reliable

can be used if COCP conraindicated

18
Q

disadv of POP

A

no STI protection
strict timing
menstrual irregularities
increased risk of ectopic pregnancy

19
Q

what is LARC

A

high fose of progestogen

20
Q

main action of LARC

A

inhibit ovulation, thicken cervical mucus and thin endometrial lining

21
Q

how often do uou have LARC

A

given intramuscularly every 12 weeks

22
Q

adv of progestogen

A

reliable
no known medication interactions
can be used if oestrogen contraindicated and raised BMI

23
Q

disadv of LARC

A

no STI protection
not rapidly reversible
menstrual irregularities

24
Q

what is the progestogen implant

A

small subcutaneous tube inserted in he arm

25
Q

main action of progestogen implant

A

inhibit ovulation
thicken cervical mucus
thin endometrial lining

26
Q

adv of progestogen implant

A

reliable
last for 3 years
can be used if oestrogen contraindicated and raised bmi

27
Q

disadv of progestogen implant

A

no STI protection
menstrual irregularities
complicatons with insertion and removal

28
Q

IUS- what is it and what is its action

A

progestogen-releasing coil- local

prevents implantation and reduces endometrial proliferation, thickens cervical mucus

ovulation usually continues

29
Q

IUS- what is it and what is its action

A

progestogen-releasing coil- local

prevents implantation and reduces endometrial proliferation, thickens cervical mucus

ovulation usually continues

30
Q

what is the IUD

A

copper containing coil
copper is toxic to sperm and ovum preventing fertilisation

secondary actiona: cervical mucus changes, endometrial inflammatory reactions inhibit implantation

31
Q

adv of coil

A

convenient
effective up to 99%
used for treatment of menorrhagia

32
Q

disadv of coil

A

no STI protection
complications with insertion
menstrual irregularities
displacement

33
Q

vasectomy

A

vas deferens snipped or tied to prevent sperm entering ejaculate under local anaesthetic

34
Q

tubal ligation

A

fallopian tube occuluded to prevent ovum transport under local/ general anaesthetic

35
Q

when is emergency conraception required

A

UPSI

contraceptive failure

36
Q

3 types of emergency contraception

A

levonorgestrel
ulipristal relese
copper IUD

37
Q

leveonorgestrel

A

morning after pill- high dose progestogen inhibits ovulation

38
Q

ulipristal acetate

A

selective progesterone receptor modulator, inhibits/ delays ovulation

Reproductive Unit (18 decks)

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