Session 2: The female reproductive system and pelvic floor

Question 1

Fibrous outer structure of ovary

Answer 1

Tunica albuginea

Question 2

Where does the ovarian artery and vein pass through

Answer 2

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 3

Where does the female reproductive tract ope into

Answer 3

Peritoneal cavity

Question 4

function of the fimbrae

Answer 4

Allow a large surface area to catch the ovum in the peritoneal cavity and channel it to the infundibulum then continues to the ampulla

Question 5

Where does the ovarian artery originate

Answer 5

Directly from abdominal aorta

Question 6

What can the broad ligament be divided into

Answer 6

Mesovarium - surrounding the ovary
Mesometrium - between the pelvic wall and the uterus
Mesosalpinx - surrouding the Fallopian tubes

Question 7

Where does the uterine artery originate from

Answer 7

Internal iliac artery and runs between the layers of the broad ligament

Question 8

What are the anatomical relations f the uterus

Answer 8

Bladder is anterior

Rectum is posterior

Question 9

Pouch between uterus and bladder anteriorly

Answer 9

Vesicouterine pouch

Question 10

Pouch between rectum and uterus posteriorly

Answer 10

Rectouterine pouch- pouch of Doulglas

Lowest part of abdomen where fluid collects in haemorrhage or infection

Question 11

Layers of uterus

Answer 11

Smooth muscle- myometrium
Epithelial layer of endometrium
Simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

What is endometriosis

Answer 12

Ectopic endometrial tissu is dispersed to various sites along the peritoneal cavity and beyond

Question 13

What is the cervix

Answer 13

A fibrous structure that can change through hormonal stimulation during the mentsrual cycle

Comprised of the external os, and internal os

Question 14

what type of epithelium lines the cervi

Answer 14

Simple columnar epithelium which produces cervical mucus

Question 15

What is the transitional zone

Answer 15

Close to the external os where epithelium changes from cervical to vaginal epithelium and is most at risk of malignant changes which are identified through cervical screening

Question 16

Normal angle between the cervix and the vagina

Answer 16

Anteversion

Question 17

Angle between cervix and uterus

Answer 17

Anteflexion

Question 18

What epithelium is the vagina lined with

Answer 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

What is the vulva

Answer 19

External genitalia and is comprised of the labia majora and labia minora

Question 20

Function of pelvic floor

Answer 20

Support pelvic organs, vagina, uterus, ovaries bladder and rectum

Question 21

Suspension

Answer 21

Maintains anti-gravity position by providing strong vertical support mainly from the cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligaments

Question 22

attachment

Answer 22

Support that comes from attchements on the pelvic organs

Question 23

Fusion

Answer 23

This is support that arises from fusion of difffeent tissues, for example the urugenital diapha and perineal body

Question 24

Deep muscles of pelvic floor

Answer 24

Levator ani muscles- U-shape set of muscles that act like a sling to encircle the urethra, vagina and rectum

Question 25

Three muscles that contribute to the levator ani

Answer 25

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

Question 26

Superficial muscles of the pelvic floor

Answer 26

Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernousus
Superficial transverse perineal

Question 27

Medio-lateral episiotomy

Answer 27

Iatrogenic damage of the bulbospongiosus and transverse perineal muscles during childbirth to avoid damage to the perineal body

Question 28

Perineal body

Answer 28

Central point between the vagina and the rectum

Question 29

Urugenital diaphragm

Answer 29

This is a sheet of dense fibrous tissue that spans the anterior half of the pelvic floor attaches to the urethra, vagina and perineal body

Question 30

Innervation of pelvic floor

Answer 30

Pudendal nerve

Question 31

Pelvic organ prolapse

Answer 31

Loss of support for the uterus bladder or colon can result in a prolapse of any of these organs into the vagina

Question 32

Cystoceole

Answer 32

Prolapse bladder

Question 33

Urethrocoele

Answer 33

Prolapse urethra

Question 34

Cystourethrocoele

Answer 34

Both urethra and bladder

Question 35

Risk factors of prolapse

Answer 35

Age
Parity
Mode of delivery

Question 36

Urinary incontinence

Answer 36

Dysfunction of the pelvic floor when increased abdominal presssure causes leaks of urine as the support to the urethral sphincter is inadequate

Question 37

FGM

Answer 37

Female genital mutilation

Cultural practice of damaging the female external genitalia

Question 38

what is the main function of the puborectalis

Answer 38

maintains anorectal angle- a hle between rectum and anal canal

puborectalis loops around this and naintains this angle
-this prevents faeces filling anal canal

Question 39

Into which lymph nodes do the lymphatics of the body of the uterus drain?

Answer 39

internal iliac

Question 40

To which lymph nodes does the ovary drain?

Answer 40

para-aortic

Question 41

To which nodes does the lower one third of the vagina drain?

Answer 41

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 42

To which structure is the lateral fornix of the vagina most closely related?

Answer 42

ureter

Question 43

From which tissue do the gonads develop?

Answer 43

intermediate mesoderm in the abdomen