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Reproductive Unit > Session 11- Cancers of the Repro Tract > Flashcards

Session 11- Cancers of the Repro Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are most vulval tumours

A

squamous carcinomas

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of vulval tumours in pre-menopausal women

A

human papillovirus with invasion developing in a field of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

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3
Q

what is the most common cause of vulval cancer in older women

A

unknown but linked to chronic irritation and longstanding dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia

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4
Q

what are the most common carcinomas of he cervix

A

squamous cell carcinomas

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5
Q

aetiology of cervical cancer

A

HPV

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6
Q

where do squamous cell carcinomas develop from in cervical cancer

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

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7
Q

what does cervical screening do

A

detects cells with abnormally enlarged nuclei possessing abmormal chromatin - dyskaryotic cells

the aim is to detect the pre-invasive lesion and to excise the involved area completely before an invasive malignancy can develop

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8
Q

what causes an endometrial adenocarinoma in perimenopausal women

A

unopposed oestrogen from obeity, exogenous oestrogen administration or hormone-secreting tumour

tamoxifen

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9
Q

what are the effects of unopposed oestrogen

A

endometrial hyperplasia which can progeess to endometriod endometrial adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

what are fibroids

A

benign tumours of uterine smooth muscle

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11
Q

what are fibroids more properly called

A

leiomyomas

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12
Q

symptoms of fibroids

A

heavy menstrual loss
menorrhagia
infertility

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13
Q

what is a malignant tumour of the myometrium called

A

leimyosarcoma

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14
Q

effects of malignant ovarian tumours

A

spread to the abdomen where they cause ascites, intestinal obstruction and death

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15
Q

what are the markers for familial ovarian epithelial carcinomas

A

BRCA1

BRCA2

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16
Q

what are useful tumour markers for germ cell tumours

A

alpha-fetoprotein

beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

17
Q

what are the mosy common sex-cord stromal tumpu

IGNORE r

A

sertoli or leydig cell tumours

-uncommon and benign1`

18
Q

Where do most testicular tumours arise from

A

germ cell tumours and are malignany

19
Q

what is a pre-invasive precursor of germ cell tumours

A

intratubular germ cell neoplasia

20
Q

what can germ cell tumors be divided into

A

seminomas

non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

21
Q

what are non-seminomatous germ cell tumours classified as

A

yolk sac tumours
embryonal carcinomas
choriocarcinomas
teratomas

22
Q 
P
A
L
M
C
O
I
E
N
A 
Polyps
Adenomiosis
Leiomyoma
Malignancy
Coagulopathy
Ovulatory Causes
Endometrial causes
Iatrogenic
Not yet classified

Reproductive Unit (18 decks)

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