Session 6- Infections of the Reproductive Tract Flashcards
What is the microbe that causes chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the most common STI n the UK
Chlamydia trachomatis
What microbe causes Gonorrhoea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-gram negative diplococcus
What does gonorrhoea cause
Thick yellow, discharge and dysuria
What is NGU
Non-gonococcal urethritis
- inflammation of the urethra with associated discharge
- can be pathogen negative
What pathogens can cause NGU
Chlamydia trichomatis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Trichomonas vaginalis
How do we investigate sti
Urine sample
Urethral swab- usually gonorrhoea
When do women get physiological discharge
Secretory phase - post ovulation to prevent further fertilisation
- thicker cervical mucus
- cyclical
- No other associated symptoms
- clear
Symptoms of C. Trachomatis in women
Discharge
Post-coital bleeding
Dyspareunia
Symptoms of C. Trachomatis in women
Discharge
Post-coital bleeding
Dyspareunia
What pathogen causes trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Why does tricomonas vagina is thrive in the vagina
Vagina pH - increased alkalinity of vagina favours acquisition of disease
How do we treat trichomoniasis
Metronidazole
What is the normal flora in vagina
Lactobacillus
-produces lactic acid to keep vagina acid and healthy
What causes bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella baginalis
How do we investigate chlamydia
Vulvo-vaginal swabs and endocervical swabs
How can we investigate Gonorrhoea in women
VVS endocervial swab
How do we investigate Trichomoniasis
High vaginal swab - poster for nix
How do we investigate BV
High vaginal swab, gram staining , KOH test
Honestly do we investigate candida
HVS, Microsocopy > culture
What causes vaginal discharge - infective
N. Gonorrhoeae
C. Trachomatis
T. Vaginalis
What causes vaginal discharge - non sexually transmitted
Bacterial vagnosis
Candidiasis
What types of HPV cause the majority of genital infections
6 and 11
Which types of HPV have the highest association with cervical cancer
16 and 18
What does HPV cause
Genital or cutaneous warts
What is HSV-1 associated with
Cold sores
What is HSV-2 associated with
More likely to become infected with HIV
How do we investigate Herpes simplex
Check all areas
- Anus
- mouth
- genial
Swabs- PCR/ NAATs
How can we manage herpes slimed virus
Antivirals
- cant eradicate the infection
- reduce the severity and duration of current episode
- limited effect frequency/ severity of repeated episodes
What pathogen causes syphillis
Treponema pallidum
How is syphillis transmitted
Direct contact
Vertical
Primary syphillis
Typically painless ulcer
Secondary syphillis
4-10 weeks after initial infection
Multi system- kidney, liver , rash, neonatal symptoms
What is PID
Infection of teh uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries due to ascending infection
whaT microbes causes pID
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gardnerella sp
Symptoms of PID
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Purelent discharge
A do real uterine bleeding
Signs of PID
Pyrexia
Pain on palpitation
Discharge
Complications of PID
Chronic pelvic pain
Pelvic abcess
Subferitility
- adhesions from chronic inflammation
- increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
Management of PID
Prevention > cure
Antibiotics
Anagelsa
Screening
