Session 1: The Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Why do the testes descend down

A

To allow spermatogenesis to occur at the optimum temperature which is slightly cooler than th core body temperature

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2
Q

Where do the testes lie

A

In the scrotum

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3
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testes

A

Pampiform plexus which cools blood arriving to the testes

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4
Q

What is the blood supply to the testes

A

Testicular artery which arises directly from the abdominal aorta

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5
Q

Where do the right and left testicular veins drain

A

Right- directly into the inferior vena cava

Left- left renal vein before joining the IVC

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6
Q

What is a varicocoele

A

If the left renal vein is obstructed due to renal or intrabdominal pathology scrotum can enlarge

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7
Q

What is testicular torsion

A

When the testis twist on itself - more so the testicular cord and blood supply can be restricted leading to loss of the testes

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testes

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis

A

A part of the peritoneum which envelops the testes when they descend down

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10
Q

What is a hydrocoele

A

When the tunica vaginalis fills with fluid

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11
Q

What is the tunica albuginea

A

A capsule that supports each testes made of dense connective tissue

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12
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur

A

Seminiferous tubules of the testis

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13
Q

What cells are responsible for spermatogenesis

A

Sertoli cells

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14
Q

What cells produce testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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15
Q

Where does sperm maturation occur

A

Epididymis

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16
Q

Where do the seminiferous tubules come together

A

Rete testis

17
Q

How can you tell which is the ureter and vas

A

Water under a bridge so ureter underneath the vas

18
Q

What is contained within the spermatic cord

A
3 fascial layers 
3 arteries 
3 veins 
3 nerves 
The vas deferens
19
Q

What is ejaculate made up of

A

65% consists of a fructose-based alkaline flui produced by the seminal vesicles which provides nutrition for sperm and neutralises the acidic environment of the vagina

20
Q

What does the prostate produce

A

A milky secretion which makes up 25% of ejaculatory fluid and contains proteolytic enzymes and is mildly acidic

21
Q

What do the bulbouretheral glands produce

A

Secretions that reduce friction making a tiny percentage of ejaculate

22
Q

What 2 types of tissues is the penis made up of

A

Corpus spongiosum - expansive tissue through which the urethra travels stays patent during erection otherwise ejaculate wouldn’t be able to pas through

Corpus cavernsum - main erectile tissue of the penis. Attached to bone to help anchor the penis

23
Q

How do the testes descend down

A

They evaginate the abdominal wall as they are pulled through by the gubernaculum forming the spermatic fascia that surround the testis and its vessels

24
Q

What are the 3 fascial layers of the spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia - external eblique

Cremastic fascia- internal oblique

Internal fascia- transversalis fascia

25
What ar the three arteries/ veins
Testicular artery Artery to vas deferens Cremasteric artery Pampiniform plexus Vein to vas deferens Cremasteric vein
26
What are the 3 nerves
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Sympathetic nerve to vas deferens Cremasteric nerve
27
What are the 3 others in the spermatic cord
Vas deferens Lymphatic drainage Processues vaginalis - string of peritoneum
28
How dos erection occur
Vasodilation in penile arterioles and compression of veins This is initiated by parasympathetic stimulation Terminated by vasoconstriction
29
How is the tunica albuginea arranged
Collagen fibres are at right angle to each other
30
Blood supply to penis
Dorsal arteries derived from internal iliac artery
31
what does benign prostatic hyperplasia tend to affect
transitional zone
32
where does prostate cancers tend to affect
peripheral zone