Session 7- Glomerularnephritis

Question 1

what is glomerularnephritis

Answer 1

inflammation of the glomeruli

• capillary endothelim
• glomerular basement membrane
• mesangial cells
• podocytes

Question 2

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 2

a triad of

• proteinuria
• hypoalbuminaemia
• oedema

usually accompinied by high cholesterol

Question 3

causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 3

primary renal disease

• minimal change disease
• membranous glomerulonephrititis
• focal segmenal glomerulosclerosis

secondary renal disease
-diabetes

Question 4

diabetic nephropathy

Answer 4

narrowing of efferent arteriole

• leading cause of end stage renal disease
• excess glucose in blood binds to proteins
• hyaline arterosclerosis
• mesangial cells secreye matrix
• thickening of BM

Question 5

treatment of diabetic nephropathy

Answer 5

hypertension, good glycemic control, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers

Question 6

minimal changes diease

Answer 6

most common cause of nephrotic sundrome under 6

no significany changes are seen under light microscopic

Question 7

membranouse glomerularnephritis

Answer 7

subepithelial deposition of immune complexes
thickening of BM
40% of adult nephrotic syndrome

Question 8

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis cause

Answer 8

primary: idiopathic
Secondary: sickle cell disease. HIV, heroin abuse, kidney hyperperfusion

Question 9

patholofy of FSGS

Answer 9

Proteins build up in glomerulus- hyalinosis leading to sclerosis

podocytes damaged

Question 10

how do we treat FSGS

Answer 10

steroids

Question 11

nephritic syndrome

Answer 11

haematuria
reduction in GFR
hypertension

inflammation of basmemen membrane

• loss of immune cells
• BM enlarges and thickens
• gaps get larger so RBCs can get through

Question 12

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 12

podocyte damge leading to proteinuria

• increased albumin in urine
• decreased albumin in blood
• decreased oncotic pressue
• fluid stay in interstitium

OEDEMA

Question 13

IGA nephropathy - bergers disease

Answer 13

hypertension and IgA levels raised. Deposited in mesangium. Sclerosis of damged segment

Question 14

treatment of bergers disease

Answer 14

control BP
antihypertensives
steroids

Question 15

rapidly progressive glomerulonephrotis

Answer 15

severe glomerular injury- leakage of fibrin, macrophages and epithelial cells proliferate

crescent shape masses form

reduced glomerular blood supply

Question 16

treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephrotis

Answer 16

high dose steroida

immunosuppresants

Question 17

Goodpastures syndrome

Answer 17

antibodies to type IV collagen in glomerular BM develop causing inflammation

results in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, lung haemorrage and renal failure

Question 18

treatment of goodpasture’s

Answer 18

plasma exchange to remove antibodies

corticosteriods

Question 19

post streptococcal glomerulonephrotis

Answer 19

presents 1-3 weeks following grop A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection of tonsils, pharynx and skin

Question 20

treatment of post-streptococcal glomeruloneohritis

Answer 20

antibiotics