Session 11- Cancers and Cysts Flashcards
what is a renal cell carcinoma
presents in the parenchyma of the kidney
what is a Transitional cell carcinoma
from calyx to bladder
where do RCC arise from
tubular epithelium
risk factors for RCC
smoking
dialysis
obesity
how does RCC presengt
haematuria fatigue weight loss fever mass in loin
if advanced varicoele
how do we invetsigate RCC
radiology
-ultrasound or CT scan
endoscopy
-flexible cystoscopy
urine
-cystology
how do we treat a localised RCC
remove small tumours with partial nephrectomy to preserve some renal fucntion
fo large tumours - radial nephrectomy with removal od the associated adrenal gland, perinephric fat, upper ureter and para-aortic lymph node
treatment of metasttic RCC
chemotherapy and radiotherapy
how does a TCC present
haematuria
weight loss
loss of appetite
signs of obstruction
what is the most common site of TCC
BLADDER
what causes bladder TCC
analgesic misuse
exposure to aniline dyes used in the industrial manufacture of dyes, rubber and plastics
smoking
how can we diagnose and treat TCC
transurethral resection of bladder
cystectomy
how do we investigate TCC
cystoscopy and biopsy
risk factors of prostate cancer
age
FHx
ethnicity
what zone doe prostate cancers affect
periperal zone
how do patients with prostate cancer present
UTI
Prostatism
metasitic disease causing bone pain
raised PSA
what is becoming the most common way that prostate cancer is diagnosed
elevated prostate-specific antigen
causes of raised PSA
Prostate cancer infection inflammation large prostate urinary retention
what is doscovered on distal rectal examination fo rosttae
hard and irregular
treatment of localised prostate cancer
surgery
hormone therapy
radiotherpay
how do we treat advanced prostate cancer
hormonal manipulation - surgical or medical castration
p
what is the most common inhetoted nepphropathy
Polycystic kidney disease
how do cysts affect the kidney
the compress surrounding parenchyma and impair renal functon
what is the inheritance pattern of polycystic kidney
autosomal dominant
