Session 11- Cancers and Cysts

Question 1

what is a renal cell carcinoma

Answer 1

presents in the parenchyma of the kidney

Question 2

what is a Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 2

from calyx to bladder

Question 3

where do RCC arise from

Answer 3

tubular epithelium

Question 4

risk factors for RCC

Answer 4

smoking
dialysis
obesity

Question 5

how does RCC presengt

Answer 5

haematuria
fatigue 
weight loss
fever
mass in loin

if advanced varicoele

Question 6

how do we invetsigate RCC

Answer 6

radiology
-ultrasound or CT scan

endoscopy
-flexible cystoscopy

urine
-cystology

Question 7

how do we treat a localised RCC

Answer 7

remove small tumours with partial nephrectomy to preserve some renal fucntion

fo large tumours - radial nephrectomy with removal od the associated adrenal gland, perinephric fat, upper ureter and para-aortic lymph node

Question 8

treatment of metasttic RCC

Answer 8

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Question 9

how does a TCC present

Answer 9

haematuria
weight loss
loss of appetite
signs of obstruction

Question 10

what is the most common site of TCC

Answer 10

BLADDER

Question 11

what causes bladder TCC

Answer 11

analgesic misuse
exposure to aniline dyes used in the industrial manufacture of dyes, rubber and plastics
smoking

Question 12

how can we diagnose and treat TCC

Answer 12

transurethral resection of bladder

cystectomy

Question 13

how do we investigate TCC

Answer 13

cystoscopy and biopsy

Question 14

risk factors of prostate cancer

Answer 14

age
FHx
ethnicity

Question 15

what zone doe prostate cancers affect

Answer 15

periperal zone

Question 16

how do patients with prostate cancer present

Answer 16

UTI
Prostatism
metasitic disease causing bone pain
raised PSA

Question 17

what is becoming the most common way that prostate cancer is diagnosed

Answer 17

elevated prostate-specific antigen

Question 18

causes of raised PSA

Answer 18

Prostate cancer
infection
inflammation
large prostate
urinary retention

Question 19

what is doscovered on distal rectal examination fo rosttae

Answer 19

hard and irregular

Question 20

treatment of localised prostate cancer

Answer 20

surgery
hormone therapy
radiotherpay

Question 21

how do we treat advanced prostate cancer

Answer 21

hormonal manipulation - surgical or medical castration

p

Question 22

what is the most common inhetoted nepphropathy

Answer 22

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 23

how do cysts affect the kidney

Answer 23

the compress surrounding parenchyma and impair renal functon

Question 24

what is the inheritance pattern of polycystic kidney

Answer 24

autosomal dominant