Session 4- Hypo and hypernatraemia

Question 1

what is hypernatraemia

Answer 1

plasma {Na+} is >140mmol/L and there is an increased solute:water ratio in body fluids and increased serum osmolality

Question 2

causes of hypernatraemia

Answer 2

osmotic diuresis
fluid loss without replacement
diabetes insipidus
incorrect intravenous fluid replacement
primary aldosteronism

Question 3

symptoms of hyponatraemia

Answer 3

correlates to severity and rate of onset

neurological- agiation, nausea, focal neurology coma

Question 4

causes of hyponatraemia

Answer 4

diuretics
water overload or retention
increased ADH secretion
increased plasma osmolality 
D & V 
diuretics/ renal failure 
peritonitis
burns CF

Question 5

reference range of osmolality

Answer 5

275-295 mosm/kg

Question 6

how do we calculate osmolarity

Answer 6

2 {Na} + [glucose] + [urea] in mmol/L