session 7

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

brain, spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

somatic nervous system
sensory and motor responses, voluntary movements
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight, involuntary
organs work in sympathy with each other
parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest

Question 3

doral

Answer 3

back

Question 4

ventral

Answer 4

stomach side

Question 5

anterior

Answer 5

to the front

Question 6

sagittal

Answer 6

from the side

Question 7

gray matter

Answer 7

cell bodies of neurons

Question 8

white matter

Answer 8

the myelinated axon

Question 9

medulla

Answer 9

vital reflexes

Question 10

pons

Answer 10

where the neurons descend to the spinal cord and ascend to the cortex cross from one side to the other

Question 11

thalamus

Answer 11

“grand central station”, sensory input, most viable parts

Question 12

limbic system

Answer 12

“emotional center”, series of midbrain structures

Question 13

amygdala

Answer 13

almond, involved with producing autonomic arousal and fear, if destroyed makes it impossible to respond to fear properly

Question 14

hippocampus

Answer 14

vital for forming and storing long-term memories

Question 15

olfactory bulb

Answer 15

input smell, vital component of learning and memory in animals, and involved in decision-making in humans

Question 16

cingulate gyrus

Answer 16

emotional responses, sensory input+fear+memory= emotions?

Question 17

hypothalamus

Answer 17

connects to the pituitary gland

Question 18

basal ganglia

Answer 18

voluntary movement

Question 19

nucleus accumbent

Answer 19

brains reward center, allows us to get addicted, positive reinforcement

Question 20

substantia nigra

Answer 20

area related to Parkinson’s disease

Question 21

cortex

Answer 21

the outward part, layer draped over the brain

Question 22

gyri

Answer 22

ridges

Question 23

sulci

Answer 23

folds, inward space

Question 24

corpus callosum

Answer 24

left and right hemispheres, thick band of fibers

Question 25

occipital lobe

Answer 25

visual cortex

Question 26

parietal lobe

Answer 26

sensory cortex, spatial reasoning

Question 27

temporal lobe

Answer 27

auditory cortex, memory, object recognition

Question 28

frontal lobe

Answer 28

the front half, language production, motor cortex, thinking and planning

Question 29

Broca's area

Answer 29

speech production, near the part of the motor cortex controlling mouth and tongue movement

Question 30

Wernicke's area

Answer 30

speech comprehension, near primary auditory cortex

Question 31

Broca's Aphasia

Answer 31

people who struggled with speech saw their brain was morphed

Question 32

ablation

Answer 32

removing a piece of the brain to study resulting in behavioral changes

Question 33

lesion

Answer 33

destroying a small piece of the brain to study resulting behavior changes

Question 34

sham lesions

Answer 34

necessary to control for the trauma of the surgical procedure

Question 35

knockout animals

Answer 35

one in which a gene of interest is manipulated genetically

Question 36

(TMS) Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 36

can briefly and non-invasively inactivate the region below the magnet, visual cortex can create blindside in normal patients

Question 37

Wada test

Answer 37

briefly "putting asleep" a part of a brain

Question 38

EEG

Answer 38

measures variations in electrical activity while subjects complete different tasks

Question 39

dendritic branching

Answer 39

where neurons form new dendritic "trees" to create new synapses, small normal response from experiences

Question 40

dendritic spines

Answer 40

a storage site for synaptic strength, animals show more when in an enriched environment, increase the number of receptor sites

Question 41

focal hand dystonia

Answer 41

(musicians cramp) results from branching in the part of the cortex controlling the fingers, too much branching has occurred

Question 42

plasticity

Answer 42

rewiring of your brain to do new things

Question 43

ischemia

Answer 43

blockage of vessel/artery preventing blood flow, minor or severe

Question 44

hemorrhage

Answer 44

burst vessel or artery flooding the brain with blood, almost always deadly, most deadly

Question 45

diaschisis

Answer 45

less activity in neurons surrounding the affected area, means "shocked throughout", electrical stimulation or amphetamines helps recovery though this can be difficult and dangerous, ager strokes involves reorganization

Question 46

neuron regeneration

Answer 46

cant be completely regained but can slowly over time

Question 47

collateral sprouting

Answer 47

surviving neurons grow new axons to join with vacated neurons, which can help restore function when the neuron branches to a similar destination, with dramatic growth due to and injury

Question 48

phantom limbs

Answer 48

collateral sprouts can cause sensory perception problems in someone that doesn't have that limb anymore, receiving sensory input from nearby area