action potential

Question 1

what is action potential?

Answer 1

where the neuron is firing and sending a message all the way along an axon, a bigger change

Question 2

what is resting potential?

Answer 2

when everything is balanced, nothing to react to

Question 3

what charge does the outside of the cell have?

Answer 3

positive charge

Question 4

what charge does the inside of the cell have?

Answer 4

negative charge

Question 5

what charge does potassium have?

Answer 5

positive charge

Question 6

what charge does sodium have?

Answer 6

positive charge

Question 7

what is the Threshold?

Answer 7

the minimum amount needed to go into an action potential (-55)

Question 8

what is a ion channel?

Answer 8

the thing that allows charged particles to go in and out of the cell

Question 9

nodes of ranvier

Answer 9

interruptions around the axon, during an action potential the current can skip along, a faster process

Question 10

what makes the inside of the cell negative?

Answer 10

bigger, negatively-charged proteins

Question 11

what is polarization?

Answer 11

the separation of ions to make the action potential possible

Question 12

what is the sodium-potassium pump?

Answer 12

takes 2 potassium ions into the cell and 3 sodium ions out of the cell

Question 13

what is an electrochemical gradient?

Answer 13

when the amount of potassium and sodium have an uneven amount on the inside and outside

Question 14

what does the ion channel do?

Answer 14

lets ions pass through, depending on their structure and purpose

Question 15

what is a graded potential?

Answer 15

when only a few ion channels open, and only a bit of sodium enters into the cell, a little change in the membrane potential

Question 16

gradients

Answer 16

imbalances that create potential energy, all the ions want to leave

Question 17

Concentration gradients

Answer 17

the attraction to go in or out of the cell because of the charges of the ions (sodium wants to go to the negative)

Question 18

Electrical gradient

Answer 18

based on the negative charge of the membrane, sodium wants to go in and potassium wants to stay in

Question 19

what gradients does sodium have at resting potential?

Answer 19

concentration and electrical

Question 20

what gradients does potassium have at resting potential?

Answer 20

only concentration gradient

Question 21

depolarization

Answer 21

where neurotransmitters from other neurons will bind to the cell allowing a few sodium ions to enter the cell, therefore reducing the separation of sodium and potassium ions
-makes the inside less negative

Question 22

Hyperpolarization

Answer 22

when positive ions leave the cell, making the voltage more negative, inhibiting the cell making it less likely to fire an action potential

Question 23

voltage gated channels

Answer 23

whether they are open or not depends on the charge inside the cell

Question 24

Absolute refractory period

Answer 24

another action potential is impossible

Question 25

relative refractory period

Answer 25

the action potential is possible, but requires much more

Question 26

Propagation

Answer 26

makes it where there are no intermediate of weak action potentials, the exchange of sodium and potassium occurs as the action potential moves down