session 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

24-hour schedules with rotating hormone levels, body-temperatures, and levels of wakefulness

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2
Q

Zeitgeber

A

“time-giver”, what sets our rhythms, sunlight is a natural one, exercise, time of day, body temp, artificial light also play a role

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3
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

just behind the eyes and below he optic chiasm

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4
Q

retinal input

A

like a blind mole rat has no conscious reaction to light, but still has a suprachiasmatic nucleus

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5
Q

retinohypothalamic pathway

A

starts in the periphery of the retina, provides the SCN with input

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6
Q

Period and Timeless genes

A

produce PER and TIM proteins throughout the day, promote drowsiness as they build up, but then production is halted allowing them to wear off and allow wakefulness the next morning

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7
Q

Melatonin

A

promotes drowsiness

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8
Q

Histamine and Orexin

A

promote wakefulness

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9
Q

Polysomnograph

A

sleep cycles measured with a polysomnography
-measure brain waves
-measures eye movements
-advanced procedures also measure blood oxygenation and air flow/labor to breathe

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10
Q

sleep cycles

A

primarily defined by brain wave fluctuations

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11
Q

Paradoxical Sleep (REM sleep)

A

brain waves similar to waking state, and rapid eye movements

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12
Q

PGO waves

A

(ponse, geniculate, occipital cortex) are a signature of REM sleep
-brain stem-initiated visual perceptions (dreaming)

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13
Q

REM Rebound

A

shows us that the brain values REM sleep above other stages, it decreases as we age

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14
Q

Brain phases

A

in and out of sleep at the same time, but sometimes parts are more awake than others
-GABA levels
- shuts down sensory perceptions

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15
Q

Nightmares

A

“bad dreams”

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16
Q

Night terrors

A

horrible, non-REM events that typically cause waking by screaming in outright terror

17
Q

Narcolepsy

A

-a tendency to have a sudden onset of fatigue and sleepiness in the middle of the day
-a bit overdramatized in movies
-lack of orexin, one of the hormones that facilitate wakefulness

18
Q

Insomnia

A

trouble falling or staying asleep, caused by myriad social and environmental factors

19
Q

Sleep apnea

A

caused by restricted airways during sleep, cannot enter the sleep cycle because continually wake up to continue breathing