Session 6 - Liver And Pancreas Flashcards
How does the duodenum protects itself from acidity of the chyme
Brunners glands secrete an alkaline mucus
What describes the chyme when it leaves the stomach?
Acidic
Hypertonic
Food partially digested
How does the duodenum make the chyme less hypertonic?
The duodenum is permeable to water.
How does the duodenum increase the pH of chyme?
Brunner’s glands
Liver secretes bicarbonate
Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
What does the duodenum secrete in response to chyme?
CCK and secretin
What are the actions of CCK?
CCK causes contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi
CCK acts on pancreas to cause the release of enzymes
What is the action of secretin?
Acts on the pancreas to cause the release of bicarbonate
Which enzymes are stored in an inactive form in the pancreas?
Proteases.
What are the main proteases released by the pancreas?
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase
Carboxypeptidase
Which cells in the pancreas release enzymes?
Acinar cells
Which cells in the pancreas release bicarbonate and aqueous component ?
Duct cells
Which duct is formed when the pancreatic duct and common bile duct join?
Ampulla of Vader
what does bile consist of?
Bile acids
Bile pigments
Alkaline solution
Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to damage from toxins?
Zone 1
Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to ischaemia?
Zone 3
What are bile salts?
Conjugated bile acid
Name 2 bile acids
Cholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid
why do we conjugate bile acids?
Bile acids do not work particularly well at low pH
Bile salts allows better emulsification of fat as they have an amphipathic structure .
What do bile salts do to fat?
emulsify it
Form a micelle around it
Where do the bile salts go after they have transported fat to the enterocyte?
They remain in the gut
Reabsorbed in the terminal ileum
Returned to liver in portal blood.
What happens with fat once it is inside the enterocyte?
Packed into a chylomicrons
Chylomicrons are exocytosed from the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte into lymphatic capillaries
Why might you get stetorrhoea?
Inadequate production of lipases
Inadequate production of bile salts
