Session 6 - Liver And Pancreas

Question 1

How does the duodenum protects itself from acidity of the chyme

Answer 1

Brunners glands secrete an alkaline mucus

Question 2

What describes the chyme when it leaves the stomach?

Answer 2

Acidic
Hypertonic
Food partially digested

Question 3

How does the duodenum make the chyme less hypertonic?

Answer 3

The duodenum is permeable to water.

Question 4

How does the duodenum increase the pH of chyme?

Answer 4

Brunner’s glands
Liver secretes bicarbonate
Pancreas secretes bicarbonate

Question 5

What does the duodenum secrete in response to chyme?

Answer 5

CCK and secretin

Question 6

What are the actions of CCK?

Answer 6

CCK causes contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi
CCK acts on pancreas to cause the release of enzymes

Question 7

What is the action of secretin?

Answer 7

Acts on the pancreas to cause the release of bicarbonate

Question 8

Which enzymes are stored in an inactive form in the pancreas?

Answer 8

Proteases.

Question 9

What are the main proteases released by the pancreas?

Answer 9

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase
Carboxypeptidase

Question 10

Which cells in the pancreas release enzymes?

Answer 10

Acinar cells

Question 11

Which cells in the pancreas release bicarbonate and aqueous component ?

Answer 11

Duct cells

Question 12

Which duct is formed when the pancreatic duct and common bile duct join?

Answer 12

Ampulla of Vader

Question 13

what does bile consist of?

Answer 13

Bile acids
Bile pigments
Alkaline solution

Question 14

Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to damage from toxins?

Answer 14

Zone 1

Question 15

Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to ischaemia?

Answer 15

Zone 3

Question 16

What are bile salts?

Answer 16

Conjugated bile acid

Question 17

Name 2 bile acids

Answer 17

Cholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 18

why do we conjugate bile acids?

Answer 18

Bile acids do not work particularly well at low pH

Bile salts allows better emulsification of fat as they have an amphipathic structure .

Question 19

What do bile salts do to fat?

Answer 19

emulsify it

Form a micelle around it

Question 20

Where do the bile salts go after they have transported fat to the enterocyte?

Answer 20

They remain in the gut
Reabsorbed in the terminal ileum
Returned to liver in portal blood.

Question 21

What happens with fat once it is inside the enterocyte?

Answer 21

Packed into a chylomicrons

Chylomicrons are exocytosed from the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte into lymphatic capillaries

Question 22

Why might you get stetorrhoea?

Answer 22

Inadequate production of lipases

Inadequate production of bile salts