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GI > Session 4 - Hernia And Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Session 4 - Hernia And Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hernia?

A

A protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall.

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2
Q

What is the sac of an abdominal hernia?

A

Peritoneum

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3
Q

Why might someone develop a hernia?

A

Weakness in the abdominal wall.
Inguinal canal
Femoral canal
Incisional hernia

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4
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament go to and from?

A

Pubic tubercle and ASIS

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5
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal?

A

Males - spermatic cord to testes.

Females - round ligament to labia majora

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6
Q

When do testes descend?

A

At 7-8 months of development

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7
Q

What is the processus vaginalis?

A

An outpouching of the peritoneum

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8
Q

What is the gubernaculum?

A

Condensed band of mesenchyme that links the inferior portion of the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling.
Acts as a guide for the gonadal descent

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9
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

The aponeurosis of external oblique and reinforced by internal oblique laterally.

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10
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

The inguinal ligament; which is the rolled edge of the external oblique aponeurosis. Thickened medially by the lacunae ligament.

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11
Q

The roof of the inguinal ligament?

A

Arching fibres of internal oblique and transverse abdominus

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12
Q

The posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

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13
Q

Where is the deep ring of the inguinal canal?

A

The transversalis fascia

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14
Q

Where is the superficial ring of the inguinal canal?

A

The anterior wall - the aponeurosis of external oblique

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15
Q

Which vessels are an important landmark in distinguishing between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

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16
Q

Which inguinal hernia occurs medially to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Direct inguinal hernia

17
Q

Which inguinal hernia occurs laterally to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

18
Q

What embryological remnant allows indirect inguinal hernias to occur?

A

Patent processus vaginalis

19
Q

What is the importance of Hesselbachs triangle?

A

It is an area of weakness in the abdominal wall which allows direct inguinal hernias to pass through

20
Q

The inferior border of Hesselbachs triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

21
Q

The medial border of Hesselbachs triangle?

A

Rectus abdominus muscle

22
Q

The superior border of Hesselbachs triangle?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

23
Q

Which sex are femoral hernias most common in?

A

Female

24
Q

Which sex are inguinal hernias more common in?

A

Male

25
Q

What is the femoral canal?

A

The empty space between the femoral vein and the lymphatics of the thigh

26
Q

Entrance to the femoral canal is called..?

A

Femoral ring

27
Q

What term refers to a hernia which is stuck?

How can you tell?

A

Incarcerated

It is not reducible

28
Q

What is the difference between an incarcerated and strangulated hernia?

A

Incarcerated is stuck.

Strnagulated is probably stuck too, but also with blood supply cut off.

29
Q

What is an omphalecele?

A

Congenital
Abdominal contents herniate into the umbilical cord
Has peritoneal covering

30
Q

What is an acquired infantile umbilical hernia?

A

Abdominal contents herniate through weakness in scar of umbilicus

31
Q

What is an acquired adult umbilical hernia?

A

Goes through linea alba in region of umbilicus.

32
Q

hat is an epigastric hernia?

A

Linea alba

Between xiphoid process and umbilicus

33
Q

Symptoms of hernia?

A

Achey - pain

Obstruction -> vomiting

Strangulation -> sepsis.

34
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The midline fusion of the rectus abdominus.

GI (13 decks)

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